Microlensing Constraints on the Frequency of Jupiter-Mass Companions: Analysis of 5 Years of PLANET Photometry
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Date
2002-02-10
Authors
Gaudi, B. Scott
Albrow, M. D.
An, J.
Beaulieu, J.-P.
Caldwell, J. A. R.
DePoy, D. L.
Dominik, M.
Gould, Andrew
Greenhill, J.
Hill, K.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Abstract
We analyze 5 years of PLANET photometry of microlensing events toward the Galactic bulge to search for the short-duration deviations from single-lens light curves that are indicative of the presence of planetary companions to the primary microlenses. Using strict event-selection criteria, we construct a well-defined sample of 43 intensively monitored events. We search for planetary perturbations in these events over a densely sampled region of parameter space spanning two decades in mass ratio and projected separation, but find no viable planetary candidates. By combining the detection efficiencies of the events, we find that, at 95% confidence, less than 25% of our primary lenses have companions with mass ratio q = 10^-2 and separations in the lensing zone, [0.6-1.6]θ_E, where θ_E is the Einstein ring radius. Using a model of the mass, velocity, and spatial distribution of bulge lenses, we infer that the majority of our lenses are likely M dwarfs in the Galactic bulge. We conclude that less than 33% of M dwarfs in the Galactic bulge have companions with mass m_p = M_J between 1.5 and 4 AU, and less than 45% have companions with m_p = 3M_J between 1 and 7 AU, the first significant limits on planetary companions to M dwarfs. We consider the effects of the finite size of the source stars and changing our detection criterion, but find that these do not alter our conclusions substantially.
Description
Keywords
gravitational lensing, planetary systems, stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs
Citation
B. Scott Gaudi et al, "Microlensing Constraints on the Frequency of Jupiter-Mass Companions: Analysis of 5 Years of PLANET Photometry," The Astrophysical Journal 566, no. 1 (2002), doi:10.1086/337987