DETECTION AND FORMATION OF INTERSTELLAR c-C$_3$D$_2$
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Date
2013
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Publisher
Ohio State University
Abstract
Multiply deuterated molecules are unique observational probes for the earliest stages of star formation. Cyclopropenylidene, c-C$_3$H$_2$, is an ideal probe for deuterium chemistry. It is one of the most widespread molecules in our Galaxy and it has the possibility of double deuteration. Furthermore, since c-C$_3$H$_2$ is an early-type molecule, it is a particular useful tool to investigate early stages of a molecular cloud. This makes observations of its deuterated forms particularly important to test time-dependent chemical codes which include deuteration processes. The centimeter and millimeter wavelength spectra of doubly deuterated cyclopropenylidene have recently been measured in the laboratory nderline{\textbf{200}}(1), 2012.}, allowing for the first time a search for c-C$_3$D$_2$ in space. We report the detection of c-C$_3$D$_2$ in two starless cores, L1544 and TMC-1C. The deuteration of this small hydrocarbon ring is analysed with a comprehensive gas-grain model, the first including doubly deuterated species. The observed abundances of c-C$_3$D$_2$ can be explained solely by gas-phase processes, supporting the idea that c-C$_3$H$_2$ is a good indicator of gas-phase deuteration.
Description
Author Institution: I. Physikalisches Institut, Universitat zu; Koln, Zulpicher Str. 77, 50937 Koln, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hugel 69, 53121; Bonn, Germany; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Harvard-Smithsonian; Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, and; School of Engineering \& Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29; Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138; Centro de Astronomia e Astrofisica, Observatorio Astronomico de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal; IRAM, 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; I. Physikalisches Institut, Universitat zu; Koln, Zulpicher Str. 77, 50937 Koln, Germany