The Association of Vitamin D Dietary Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Among African Americans in Central Ohio
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Date
2014-05
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The Ohio State University
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is recognized as a serious health issue. Studies show vitamin D intake levels among African Americans are below Adequate Intakes (IOM). African Americans have higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency, and are two times more likely to develop Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) compared to other ethnic groups. Studies are inconsistent as to whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with T2D. In this study, we investigated the association of vitamin D dietary intake and T2D diagnosis among African American adults in Central Ohio. We hypothesized that African Americans with T2D have lower vitamin D intake levels, and thereby, higher risk of vitamin D deficiency, compared with those who do not have T2D. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited participants (n=8 with T2D; n=15 without T2D) from the Total Health and Wellness Clinic at The Ohio State University Hospital East. We used diagnosis data from the medical record to confirm T2D diagnosis (present/not present). Participants provided their dietary intake through short food frequency questionnaire to obtain vitamin D intake (IU/day). Other measures included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/L), serum fasting glucose (mg/dL), HbA1C (%), used of nutritional supplements and medications, history of medical diagnoses, and sunlight exposure. We used unpaired t-tests to detect differences in vitamin D intake among those with and without T2D. Our results suggest that African Americans at a primary care clinic in Central Ohio with T2D tend to have lower vitamin D dietary intakes compared with people without T2D. All African Americans in our sample, regardless of diabetes diagnosis, reported extremely low dietary intake with an average intake of just 23% of the recommended RDA. Results from this study could be used to determine the need for nutrition intervention for African Americans with or at risk for T2D.
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Keywords
Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes, African Americans