Effects of N:P Ratio on the Occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms
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Date
2015-05
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The Ohio State University
Abstract
Urban and agricultural development has had dramatic effects on the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Such nutrient-rich conditions cause cyanobacteria to dominate the phytoplankton, thereby causing a number of problems in the water bodies they inhabit. Cyanobacteria exhibit rapid growth under high nutrient conditions, and as such have been increasingly referred to as harmful algal blooms (HABs) when they become overabundant in aquatic ecosystems. While nutrient run-off is thought to be the primary cause of HABs, it has been found that it is not necessarily the independent quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus that favor cyanobacteria, but rather the N:P ratio. Interestingly, management strategies that aim to increase N:P ratios in lakes have not always resulted in the dominance of less harmful phytoplankton. Choctaw Lake, located in Madison County, OH, has been experiencing HABs that have been producing high levels of cyanotoxins. This study examined how the N:P ratio influences phytoplankton assemblage and dominance of cyanobacteria in lakes. As expected, there was a strong correlation (r2 = 0.91) between increasing cyanobacteria dominance and low N:P ratios. A similarly strong relationship (r2 = 0.89) was found between total algal biomass and Secchi depth, providing a potentially effective and low-cost monitoring tool for lake managers. However, caution should be taken when extrapolating this relationship to other systems with potentially different algae communities. Further research should investigate the nutrient constituents of the lake sediments to understand how they may be contributing to cyanobacteria dominance in the lake.
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Keywords
algae bloom, eutrophication, nitrogen, phosphorus, Choctaw