Non-Bank Financial Institutions and the Sequencing of Financial Reform
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Date
1995-07
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Ohio State University. Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of non-bank financial institutions in processes of financial policy reform and institutional development and the implications of their operations for the sequencing of such reforms. It distinguishes among non-bank financial organizations that result from upward-looking or downward-looking innovations and those that reflect regulatory avoidance. First, upward-looking innovations to respond to specific demands require the development of a complex institutional infrastructure. Second, absence of competitive neutrality in the regulatory framework leads to avoidance: off-balance-sheet liabilities, off-shore operations, and parallel markets. Third, downward-looking innovations are needed to expand the financial frontier toward marginal clientele. This requires solutions to important information, risk, and incentive problems. Various types of non-bank organizations have been created for this purpose. There is a need for prudential regulation and supervision that is idiosyncratic and protects competitive neutrality, while at the same time avoids financial repression.