State Responses to the Collapse of Civil Order: an Italian Example
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Date
2003-12-04
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Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies
Abstract
After 1560, the Papal States in central Italy were engulfed in an upsurge of
urban and rural violence tied to a sharp increase in clan warfare, lethal new
weaponry, and general rebellion against centralizing authority. By the late
1570s, the rule of law had largely disappeared from much of the Papal
territories. This paper examines the (often unsuccessful) responses attempted
by a succession of popes, applied with increasing ferocity against their
subjects. In the process, it also explores the contrasting nature of state and
private violence, both in a pre-modern and a present-day context, and traces
the roots of some of the more extreme methods of repression that we tend to
associate with the twentieth rather than the sixteenth century.
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Keywords
civil order, collapse, state, Italian