Effects of Processing and Mix Composition on the Performance of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3)
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Date
2023-05
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The Ohio State University
Abstract
Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is an emerging supplementary cementitious material (SCM) with many potential benefits. Using two abundant resources (limestone and clay), requiring less production energy, and still providing comparable mechanical properties to ordinary portland cement (OPC), LC3 is a greener and more sustainable alternative to OPC and other SCMs. In this study, the performance of local Ohio clays was evaluated in LC3 systems, and the effects of clay calcination and the addition of pure metakaolin (MK) were observed. Initial characterization showed that the clays contained low kaolinite content with the highest at 45%. Further calorimetry tests showed low heat evolved from the binder mixes and insignificant differences between rotary and flash calcination methods. By 90 days, the 45% kaolinite content clay yielded comparable compressive strength results to the control. Furthermore, the addition of high kaolinite content MK, at 30% of the clay replacement, increased the low kaolinite content clay binder strengths to comparable levels as well. Relationships between kaolinite content and strength gain were developed and may prove useful in determining the performance of other potential clay sources.
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Keywords
Civil Materials, Sustainability, Cement, Clay