Pharmacokinetics of tomato steroidal alkaloids in healthy human adults following the consumption of two doses of tomato juice
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Date
2023-02
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Abstract
Scope: Tomato steroidal alkaloids (TSAs) are gaining traction for their potential health benefit based on a growing number of in vitro and in vivo studies, but little is known about their behavior in the human body making it difficult to define their relevance. The objective of this study is to elucidate the pharmacokinetics, that is to define the bioavailability and metabolism, of TSAs following a single tomato juice containing meal.
Methods and results: Healthy subjects (n = 11, 6M/5F) participated in a randomized crossover trial where each person consumed low and high doses of tomato juice with a two-week washout period in between doses. Blood samples were collected at 11 time points over 12-hours following test meal consumption, and plasma was isolated to be analyzed using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Fragmentation patterns and comparison to authentic standards (where available) were used for compound identification and quantification. Baseline-corrected area under the absorption curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal rule to estimate the relative exposure of each metabolite in plasma. TSAs in juice were quantified using UHPLC-MS/MS. Relative absorption of TSAs from diet were determined by taking the ratio of the aggregate TSAs in plasma to juice. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in fractional absorption (mean ± SD) between the high (9% ± 5%) and low (5% ± 2%) dose of tomato juice. More than 90% of the quantified TSAs found in plasma have undergone either a phase I or phase II biotransformation in both interventions. It was found that dihydroxytomatidine, a phase I metabolite, was most abundant with an AUC value of 812.20 ± 157.44 nmol*h/L for the high dose and 60.97 ± 7.87 nmol*h/L for the low dose.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates moderate absorption and extensive metabolism of TSAs and reports the first pharmacokinetic data for these phytochemicals. These data provide context for future studies investigating the potential role that these compounds may play in human health.
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Poster Division: Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences (FAES): 1st Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Advanced Research Forum)
Keywords
pharmacokinetics, phytochemicals, bioavailability