Biobehavioral Intervention Improves Dietary Patterns and Biomarkers of Carotenoid and Fatty Acid Intakes in Overweight Cancer Survivors
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Date
2017-03
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Abstract
Cancer survivors are at risk for suboptimal nutrition due to therapy, inadequate dietary patterns, and susceptibility to unproven dietary advice. Effective biobehavioral interventions aimed at increasing adherence to evidence-based survivorship recommendations are key in reducing cancer recurrence, comorbidities, and all-cause mortality. Data from a six-month phase II non-randomized trial were analyzed to determine pre- to post- changes in: (1) dietary patterns; (2) skin and plasma carotenoidsÍž and (3) red blood cell fatty acid (RBC FA) composition. Overweight cancer survivors (N=29) were provided weekly produce harvesting, semi-monthly group education, remote motivational interviewing, and access to a secure web portal. Data were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Dietary patterns were assessed via 30-day food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) scores. Skin carotenoids were measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy, plasma carotenoids by high performance liquid chromatography, and RBC FAs by gas chromatography. Increases were documented in HEI-2010 total diet (p=0.006), total fruit (p=0.003), and fatty acids (p=0.007) scores. HEI-2010 scores for total vegetables also trended positively (p=0.054). As assessed by FFQ, survivors increased total dietary intakes of carotenoids by 66% (p<0.001) including increased individual intakes of all five carotenoids analyzed. Mean total dietary fat intakes decreased by 12.37 g (p=0.010), with survivors also decreasing intakes of saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats. Plasma concentrations of total carotenoids increased by 35% (p<0.001), as did as did plasma alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lycopene (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.017, respectively). Total skin carotenoids increased (p=0.015) and were highly correlated with total plasma carotenoids (r=0.728, p<0.001). Despite changes in dietary intakes of FAs, RBC FA composition was largely unchanged. However, relative abundance of omega-3 FAs decreased by 6% as compared to baseline (p=0.001). Promising results warrant larger randomized controlled trials to establish efficacy.
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Professional Biological Sciences: 2nd Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)
Keywords
cancer survivors, lifestyle intervention, dietary patterns, carotenoids, fatty acids