Analysis of Ant Neck Tissue Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging (SEM)
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Date
2015-05
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The Ohio State University
Abstract
Ants are known for their ability to carry extremely heavy loads, upwards of 1,000 times their own weight. Though the mass towed by the ant is distributed over six legs, the entirety of load must pass through its neck. Therefore, the long-term goal of this work is to understand the material and structure design principles of the ant neck joint that enable its mechanical function. Our recent mechanical studies of the neck joint of an Allegheny Mound Ant revealed that the neck membrane has an elastic modulus of 230±140MPa and an ultimate failure stress of 37 MPa, which is consistent with locust wing membrane of approximately 52 MPa. Since the material properties are similar to other insect systems, we suspect that both macroscopic and microscopic structural mechanisms contribute to extreme load-bearing capabilities of ants. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of failed specimens revealed the critical point for failure is at the transition between the soft membrane of the neck and the hard exoskeleton of the head. This work focuses on exploring the microstructure mechanisms that contribute to enhancing the strength of this interface. The neck joint of carpenter ants will be sectioned and imaged using SEM. In order to achieve precise sections of the neck joint, the specimens are first embedded in acrylic plastic resin, then machined using 1/64” carbide end mills on a milling machine. Once the neck is successfully exposed, the specimen is imaged. The goal of this research is to image the material, surface, and interface microstructure with improved resolution to form the basis of a micromechanical model. This will aid in the understanding of the mechanical function of the ant neck joint.
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Keywords
ant neck, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microstructure, adhesive, interface