Knowledge Bank

Electrochromism is a technique involving large electric fields on the order of 100,000 V/cm by which the excited-state properties of molecules can be measured directly. These properties include the excited-state dipole moments, mean polarizabilities, and molecular, symmetries for the transitions. This method has been applied to the low-lying Rydberg absorptions classified as the $s$, $p$ and $d$ transitions for the 3,4,5 and 6 member ring divalent sulfides (thirane, thietane, thiolane, thione). Interesting differences were found for the properties according to classifications of the transitions. These transitions were characterized not only with respect to the magnitudes of the parameters, but also by correlating the transitions among the series. The implications of the excited-state values are discussed in terms of the differences in bonding within the ring.