The Impact of Interprofessional Collaborative Care on Patient-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature
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Date
2019-05
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The Ohio State University
Abstract
Background: Health care has typically been provided by a number of different health professionals working in parallel; professions work alongside one another, but remain in their own disciplinary silos. Lack of collaboration has been associated with gaps in care and medical error. To ameliorate these issues, interprofessional collaborative care (IPCC) has developed as a process by which two or more health care professionals work collaboratively to care for a patient. IPCC has been increasingly recognized as an optimal care model with the potential to positively benefit patient- related outcomes.
Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the impact of interprofessional collaborative care interventions on patient-related outcomes.
Data Sources: This systematic review of the literature used research data sources including Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Cochrane Library Databases. A hand-search was also conducted. Selection criteria included literature that was published between 2011-2018 (rationale – 2011 was the date the Interprofessional Education competencies were published), in English, and in the United States (rationale – U.S. healthcare system uniqueness/different then healthcare systems in other countries).
Data Extraction: Included studies were required to focus on patient-related outcomes. Studies that were eliminated were not related to patient-related outcomes, or included interprofessional education of students, or focused on the continuing education of licensed professionals. All abstracts that included those parameters were read, but only studies that were aligned with the purpose of the systematic review were read in full. In addition, a hand-search was conducted; additional studies were identified by screening references cited in included studies.
Data Synthesis: Selected studies were abstracted for themes related to patient-related outcomes resulting from IPCC. Ten studies were included in the systematic review. There were multiple IPCC patient outcome-focused interventions which were reported in the literature. The outcomes clustered into the following themes: hospital costs; length of stay; patient satisfaction; patient experience; readmission rates; mortality; medication errors and other adverse events.
Conclusions: IPCC was found to have a variety of impacts on patient outcomes, which can be applied to practice models in patient care settings. Most researchers suggested additional research be conducted; research most needed is that which definitively demonstrates quantitative outcomes achieved by specific IPCC interventions.
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Keywords
interprofessional collaboration, patient outcomes, systematic review of the literature, interprofessional collaborative care, patient-related outcomes, interdisciplinary rounding