Development of Surgical Navigation Device for Arthroscopic Cartilage Repair
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Date
2013-03-28
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Abstract
Damage to articular cartilage, in the form of a cartilage defect, is very painful and is a precursor for osteoarthritis. Due its avascular nature, this tissue is unable to repair itself causing surgery to be the main option for treatment. Current surgical algorithms use defect area as the primary attribute to determine which procedure to use for each patient. Unfortunately, current techniques of calculating defect area are very poor, with errors ranging from -78.81% to 236.61% for surgeon area estimation, the current gold standard. Brockmeier (2009) previously developed a cartilage navigation system to improve surgeon accuracy in calculating defect area. However, when this system was used in cadaver knees it failed due to slipping of the surgical probe leading a larger area calculation and tracing of the defect multiple times leading to a cumulative area calculation. The first objective of this project is to improve this current system. This will be done by modifying the system’s MATLAB code to prevent the previously encountered errors and to create new features for the device. The second objective is to validate the system’s ability to calculate defect area using shapes cut into plastic and cut into Sawbones knees. For this validation two tests will be performed, one in which subjects use the system as ideally intended and one in which subjects are free to make errors in tracing. This second approach will simulate a more realistic use of the device during surgery. For both techniques a maximum of 5% error will be used as the threshold for success. By developing this system it will provide surgeons with the ability to quickly and accurately calculate the area of a cartilage defect. This will help them choose the proper procedure for each defect leading to better surgical outcomes for patients.
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Engineering: 1st Place (The Ohio State University Denman Undergraduate Research Forum)
Keywords
knee, cartilage, surgery, arthroscopy, navigation, device