Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 88, Issue 3 (June, 1988)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/22098

Front Matter
pp. 0
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Lead and Lead Poisoning from Antiquity to Modern Times
Lessler, Milton A. pp. 78-84
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (674KB)

On the Value and Feasibility of a Plant Distribution Atlas for the States in the Gray's Manual Range
Cooperrider, Tom S. pp. 84-86
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Evaluation of Possible Reproductively Mediated Character Displacement in the Crayfishes, Orconectes rusticus and O. sanbornii
Butler, Mark J., IV pp. 87-91
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Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Indexes of Water Quality in the Upper Cuyahoga River
Olive, John H.; Jackson, Jim L.; Bass, Joana; Holland, Lynda; Savisky, Timothy pp. 91-98
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Effect of Stannous Fluoride and Iodine on Root Caries and Bone Loss in Rats
Beiraghi, S.; Rosen, S.; Wright, K.; Spuller, R.; Beck, F. M. pp. 99-100
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Plumatella reticulata Sp. Nov. in Ohio (Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata)
Wood, Timothy S. pp. 101-104
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Cysticercus tenuicollis: A New State Record for Ohio
Schurr, Karl; Rabalais, Francis C.; Terwilliger, Wallace pp. 104-105
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Ocean and Great Lakes Awareness Among Fifth and Ninth Grade Ohio Students: A Continuing Study
Fortner, Rosanne W.; Mayer, Victor J. pp. 106-109
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Nutritional Quality of Foods Consumed by Gizzard Shad in Western Lake Erie
Mundahl, Neal D. pp. 110-113
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Genetic Variation and Population Structuring in the Rosyside Dace, Clinostomus funduloides, in Ohio
White, Matthew M. pp. 114-116
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Brief Note Are Geographic Effects on Life Expectancy in Ohio Spurious Because of Race?
Swanson, David A.; Stockwell, Edward G. pp. 116-118
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Brief Note: Behavior of Calopteron reticulatum (F.) Larvae (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
Miller, Richard S. pp. 119-120
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Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf. Extant in Ohio
Knoop, Jeffrey D. pp. 120-121
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Book Reviews
pp. 122-122
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Now showing 1 - 16 of 16

Back Matter
(1988-06)
Book Reviews
(1988-06)
Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf. Extant in Ohio
(1988-06) Knoop, Jeffrey D.
Tomanthera auriculata, an annual member of the Scrophulariaceae, is known historically from four Ohio counties. In 1985, the taxon, thought to have been extirpated from Ohio, was rediscovered in Adams County. Habitat disturbances appear to play an important role in the perpetuation of this species.
Brief Note: Behavior of Calopteron reticulatum (F.) Larvae (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
(1988-06) Miller, Richard S.
Observations suggest that some Lycidae, including Calopteron reticulatum (F.), are predators that forage in the leaf litter and do not aggregate as last instar larvae.
Brief Note Are Geographic Effects on Life Expectancy in Ohio Spurious Because of Race?
(1988-06) Swanson, David A.; Stockwell, Edward G.
The possibility that significant geographic effects on life expectancy found in Ohio may have been spurious because of race is tested in this paper, which utilizes a regression-based technique to estimate life expectancy for selected cities and their suburbs. Using multivariate analysis in conjunction with race-specific regression models we find that, although white life expectancy values exceed those of blacks, the geographic effects described in an earlier paper were not spurious. Because socioeconomic status is associated with both race and geography, these findings provide support for the argument that socioeconomic status plays an instrumental role in differential life expectancy.
Genetic Variation and Population Structuring in the Rosyside Dace, Clinostomus funduloides, in Ohio
(1988-06) White, Matthew M.
The rosyside dace, although abundant throughout the eastern Appalachians, is listed as an endangered species in Ohio. It inhabits the headwater streams of south-central Ohio. Patterns of variation at four polymorphic loci (Adh, Ldh, Pgd, and Xdh) were analysed to determine the degree of interpopulation differentiation. Several characteristics (headwater resident, subject to annual stream drying, likely severe population crashes and flushes) of this species and its populations suggested that the rosyside dace should exhibit low intrapopulation variation and high interpopulation differentiation. The results were consistent with these predictions.
Nutritional Quality of Foods Consumed by Gizzard Shad in Western Lake Erie
(1988-06) Mundahl, Neal D.
Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) were collected from four locations in western Lake Erie during summer, 1982. The nutritional quality of foods ingested by these fish was examined. Small (<60 mm standard length), age 0 fish consumed mostly zooplankton with high organic (>80% of dry weight) and nitrogen (>6% of dry weight) contents. The phytoplankton and detritus diets of larger, age 0 and adult gizzard shad were of poorer nutritional quality (organic = 10-30%; nitrogen = 0.7-3.1% of dry weight). However, the nutritional quality of these foods was apparently adequate for gizzard shad, as most fish from all locations exhibited good condition and rapid growth rates. Observed differences in size and condition of age 0 gizzard shad among the collection sites may be due, in part, to variation in the quality of foods consumed during the growing season.
Ocean and Great Lakes Awareness Among Fifth and Ninth Grade Ohio Students: A Continuing Study
(1988-06) Fortner, Rosanne W.; Mayer, Victor J.
The Ohio Sea Grant Education Program conducted a baseline study of ocean and Great Lakes awareness among Ohio's fifth and ninth grade students in 1979, and repeated it with some curriculum-specific additions as a longitudinal study in 1983. This report of the 1983 data indicates that over the 4-year period the ninth graders, cohort of the 1979 fifth graders, increased over 10% in ocean and Great Lakes knowledge scores. However, information considered critical to responsible decision-making is still lacking. Attitudes toward Lake Erie and the oceans, while remaining slightly positive for the group, did not change commensurate with knowledge. A new set of test items dealing specifically with information from Ohio Sea Grant curriculum materials was added to the survey in 1983 to provide a new baseline for future testing. The main self-reported source of student information about these topics changed over the period, so that in 1983 students in both grades were relying more on the classroom than on media sources for aquatic information. The survey will be repeated at regular intervals, continuing a longitudinal study unique to marine and aquatic education in North America.
Cysticercus tenuicollis: A New State Record for Ohio
(1988-06) Schurr, Karl; Rabalais, Francis C.; Terwilliger, Wallace
Cysticercus tenuicollis (Taenia hydatigena) is reported for the first time from Ohio. The parasite was found in a high density, enclosed population of white-tailed deer {Odocoileus virginianus). As many as 138 individuals per km2 have been reported for this herd. When deer from western Pennyslvania were examined, this parasite was not found. Infection of deer with C. tenuicollis has been reported in Michigan.
Plumatella reticulata Sp. Nov. in Ohio (Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata)
(1988-06) Wood, Timothy S.
Plumatella reticulata is a new species of phylactolaemate bryozoan found in at least 13 counties in Ohio. Laboratory rearing and a re-examination of preserved specimens confirm the following features: zooids are recumbent to erect; ectocyst dark and well-sclerotized, with partial internal septa at the base of every branch; tentacles 31 to 34 (x=34, 95% confidence interval = ±2.6); floatoblast broad, with extensive annulus and straight sides, valves almost equally convex; sessoblast with conspicuous pattern of dark, reticulated lines (actually blade-like ridges) across the frontal valve. Colonies have been found from June through October on wood and stone substrates in quiet water. The lophophores of young zooids exhibit a rhythmic flicking action similar to that described for Plumatella casmiana.
Effect of Stannous Fluoride and Iodine on Root Caries and Bone Loss in Rats
(1988-06) Beiraghi, S.; Rosen, S.; Wright, K.; Spuller, R.; Beck, F. M.
Rice rats were distributed by littermate into four experimental groups as follows: stannous fluoride (0.4%), iodine-sodium iodide (1.0%), a combination of iodine-sodium iodide and stannous fluoride, and a distilled water control. Each rat was treated by swabbing the molar teeth daily. All rats were fed diet 2000 and double-distilled water ad libitum, and were sacrificed after 9 weeks. Root surface caries and bone loss were determined. Root surface caries was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by stannous fluoride and the combination of iodine-sodium iodide and stannous fluoride, but was not affected significantly by iodinesodium iodide alone. On the other hand, bone loss scores were significantly lower in all groups compared to the demineralized water control.
Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Indexes of Water Quality in the Upper Cuyahoga River
(1988-06) Olive, John H.; Jackson, Jim L.; Bass, Joana; Holland, Lynda; Savisky, Timothy
The upper Cuyahoga River in northeastern Ohio is the major source of domestic water for the City of Akron, an important recreational area, and a designated Ohio Scenic River. Indexes of water quality based on benthic invertebrate community composition indicate a wide range in water quality along the river, but overall water quality is relatively high compared to areas of the Cuyahoga River below Akron and to most nearby river systems. Highest quality areas are located in the most headwater region and in the lowermost region near Lake Rockwell. These areas are characterized by a large number of taxa (>50), moderate density of organisms (= 2,000/m2), high ratios of scraper-grazers to detritivores (>0.5), high ratios of amphipods to isopods, and less than 1% organic pollution-tolerant organisms. Moderate degradation of water quality due to organic sedimentation in these areas is indicated by large proportions of organic pollution-facultative organisms (27-66%), especially a great variety of chironomids. Lowest quality areas occur 1-2 km below waste water outfalls from small villages and below groups of rural streamside dwellings. These areas are characterized by up to 62% fewer species, very low ratios of amphipods to isopods (usually <2), and large proportions of organic pollution-facultative and tolerant organisms (43-95%), especially chironomids and oligochaetes.
Evaluation of Possible Reproductively Mediated Character Displacement in the Crayfishes, Orconectes rusticus and O. sanbornii
(1988-06) Butler, Mark J., IV
Orconectes rusticus is replacing several species of crayfishes in north-central and northeastern North America, including O. sanbornii in Ohio. Recent evidence suggests that the species replacements may be driven by asymmetrical reproductive success favoring 0. rusticus. Nonetheless, some sympatric associations appear locally persistent. Because crayfish demonstrate size-assortative mating and there is a disparity in the sizes of the species, further divergence in the sizes of the species in sympatry could enhance reproductive isolation, ultimately providing a mechanism for character displacement. To test this hypothesis the size differentials between crayfish collected from allopatric and sympatric populations in east-central Ohio were compared with expected differences. The possibility of clinal variation in size was addressed by comparing crayfish sizes along a continuous allopatric-sympatric-allopatric species gradient within one stream. The initial character displacement hypothesis was not substantiated by comparisons of allopatric and sympatric populations within or among streams for male or female 0. rusticus or male 0. sanbornii. However, female 0. sanbornii size distributions were consistent with unilateral character displacement.
On the Value and Feasibility of a Plant Distribution Atlas for the States in the Gray's Manual Range
(1988-06) Cooperrider, Tom S.
The Gray's Manual range of plants in the northeastern United States was first defined in 1848. Since the last major realignment of the boundaries in 1889, the roster of states included has been essentially constant. This district has been the subject of many floras, manuals, and field guides. A county dotdistribution atlas of species in the range would be useful to teachers, students, and researchers. A distribution map of Chelone glabra provides an example.
Lead and Lead Poisoning from Antiquity to Modern Times
(1988-06) Lessler, Milton A.
Lead, because of its low melting point, was one of the first metals used by man. It was probably isolated soon after the ancients discovered the use of fire. Archeological discoveries indicate the presence of lead objects and pigments during the early Bronze Age. In ancient Egyptian and Greco-Roman times metallic lead was produced as a by-product of silver mining. Extensive evidence of ancient mining and smelting exists in both the Orient and Mediterranean regions. Although generally thought of as a disease of the Industrial Revolution, lead poisoning has been documented for 6,000 years. As early as the 4th century BCE, Hippocrates accurately described the symptoms of lead poisoning. However, it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that lead as an occupational health factor became a public issue. During Greco-Roman and Medieval times sapa, a sweet lead acetate syrup, was added to both wines and food. This resulted in widespread lead intoxication among the affluent and has been suggested as a probable reason for the fall of the Roman Empire. Fortified wines from Spain and Portugal, rum from the Colonies, and cider precipitated epidemics of lead poisoning. Since 1970 the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health have monitored environmental lead and significantly reduced lead exposure in air, water, and food.
Front Matter
(1988-06)

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