Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 105, Issue 4 (September, 2005)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/31811

Front Matter
pp. 0
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Cardiac Rehabilitation Intervention and Quality of Life Indicators: A Validation Estimate of Ware's Model
Laux, John M.; Newman, Isadore; Queener, John; Rosneck, Jim; Josephson, Richard pp. 66-73
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Administration of a Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blocker with a Thienopyridine Derivative Does Not Increase the Risk of Thrombocytopenia
Silver, Kevin H.; Newman, Isadore; Rohr, Susan M.; Johnson, Jeremy; Josephson, Richard A. pp. 74-78
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Steel Industry Slags Compared with Calcium Carbonate in Neutralizing Acid Mine Soil
Munn, David A. pp. 79-87
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Aquatic Macrophyte Diversity and Habitat Characterization of the Cuyahoga River Watershed in Northeastern Ohio
Balanson, Shimshon; Walton, B. Michael; Wolin, Julie A.; Mal, Tarun K. pp. 88-96
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Failure of a Free-living Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) to Discriminate Food Rewards on the Basis of Number
Farnsworth, George L. pp. 97-99
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Back Matter
(2005-09)
Failure of a Free-living Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) to Discriminate Food Rewards on the Basis of Number
(2005-09) Farnsworth, George L.
Spontaneous numerical discrimination has been observed in animals in laboratory and field studies. These studies often rely on subjects choosing the most profitable food items. I designed a feeding apparatus to explore the spontaneous numerical discrimination of a free-living northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). The feeder consisted of two tubes containing food rewards. In order to attain the reward from a tube, the subject had to remove one or more obstacles. I tested to see if the subject would choose the tube with greatest profitability first. The subject did not discriminate when given a choice between a tube with two obstacles and a tube with three obstacles. The subject also did not discriminate between a tube with larger number of food items and a tube with fewer food items (each tube with one obstacle). However, the subject did discriminate between a tube with reward and a tube without reward. The failure of the subject to discriminate on the basis of number may reflect the low cost associated with making the sub-optimal choice. With some improvements, the feeding apparatus may provide a way to examine spontaneous numerical competence in free-living birds without having to capture subjects.
Aquatic Macrophyte Diversity and Habitat Characterization of the Cuyahoga River Watershed in Northeastern Ohio
(2005-09) Balanson, Shimshon; Walton, B. Michael; Wolin, Julie A.; Mal, Tarun K.
We surveyed aquatic macrophyte diversity and abundance at 20 sites along the main channel of the Cuyahoga River and its tributaries. These sites included 12 sites in the watershed at which an Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) for fish communities deviated significantly from a value predicted by a statistical model of landscape urbanization and stream habitat quality. These sites were classified as Best of the Best, Worst of the Best, Best of the Worst and Worst of the Worst among 164 sites within the Cuyahoga basin. In order to characterize a site, we collected data on the physical features of the stream and quantified the species abundance of aquatic macrophytes in a 100 m transect. Within each transect, measurements of stream width, bankfull width, stream depth, bankfull depth, and canopy cover were recorded every 10 m. Nitrate, phosphate, and ammonia content of water samples were also assayed. The quality of stream habitat for each site was quantified using the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). Strong significant correlations between the measure of stream depth and stream width as well as canopy coverage and bankfull width were observed. A weak significant correlation was found between IBI and QHEI scores. Additional analysis showed that water chemistry did not influence QHEI or IBI scores. An analysis of variance indicated that the IBI scores significantly differed among site types. Macrophytes were discovered at seven of the 20 sites with an overall richness of 11 species among all sites. The most common aquatic macrophytes were: Elodea canadensis L., Sparganium americanum Nutt., and Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Results demonstrate that physical stream characteristics are strong indicators of fish population integrity, but are not necessarily indicative of aquatic macrophyte assemblages. Storms severely impacted many streams during the survey, possibly altering macrophyte assemblages. Further surveys should be undertaken at additional sites within the Cuyahoga River watershed for a comprehensive assessment of aquatic macrophytes.
Steel Industry Slags Compared with Calcium Carbonate in Neutralizing Acid Mine Soil
(2005-09) Munn, David A.
Ohio has substantial lands impacted by surface mining for coal and an active steel industry. Steel industry slags have been used as liming compounds for agriculture and acid mine soil reclamation. This 3-year study evaluates slags from Ohio steel mills in greenhouse trials where these materials are compared to reagent grade CaCO3 in their ability to improve plant growth on acid mine soil. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of these materials at two rates of application in raising acid mine soil pH and to address concerns about metals in such slags. Three slags and reagent grade CaCO3 were applied at rates equivalent to 12.5 and 25 g CaCO3 kg-1 soil on acid mine soil (pH = 3.5). Five consecutive crops of oats (Avena sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), wheat and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were grown and harvested at the seedling stage. The slags and CaCO3 increased yields (P <0.01 level) compared to unlimed control pots. Soil and plant Ca were increased and plant Al and Mn decreased by application of all four materials. The slags increased soil and plant Mg. Particle size of the slags was somewhat coarse which decreased their effectiveness, but overall these slags proved to be satisfactory liming materials. The fineness efficiency developed for carbonate forms of lime may not adequately characterize slag effectiveness. Micronutrient metals including iron were not found to be in excess in plant tissue treated with slags despite the steel slags’ high Fe content.
Administration of a Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blocker with a Thienopyridine Derivative Does Not Increase the Risk of Thrombocytopenia
(2005-09) Silver, Kevin H.; Newman, Isadore; Rohr, Susan M.; Johnson, Jeremy; Josephson, Richard A.
The combination of aspirin, a thienopyridine derivative, and a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor has become standard therapy for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Recent studies have shown an increased incidence of thrombocytopenia in those patients receiving a high loading dose of clopidogrel (thienopyridine) with abciximab (IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor) prior to coronary intervention. We reviewed the records of 504 patients who underwent PCI at a large tertiary care hospital and noted an incidence of thrombocytopenia of 4.8%, comparable to published historical controls who received abciximab without clopidogrel. In patients undergoing PCI, there was no difference in thrombocytopenia or bleeding complications between patients receiving a high or a low dose of a thienopyridine. We conclude that a high loading dose of a thienopyridine derivative prior to PCI may be administered safely and efficaciously in the setting of concomitant administration of abciximab without an undue risk of thrombocytopenia.
Cardiac Rehabilitation Intervention and Quality of Life Indicators: A Validation Estimate of Ware's Model
(2005-09) Laux, John M.; Newman, Isadore; Queener, John; Rosneck, Jim; Josephson, Richard
The present study tests Ware’s (1987, 1990) prediction that patient evaluations of quality of life (QOL) are related to physical ability. QOL data from 302 patients were collected prior to initiation and upon completion of a 12-week cardiac rehabilitation program. Physical ability was measured in metabolic equivalents (METS). Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated for the variables under study. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to test these relationships covarying patient diagnosis, and pre-treatment QOL score and patient demographics. Significant improvements from pre- to post-CR were found for METs and all QOL variables. Improvements in physical ability were significantly correlated with improvements in physical health related QOL indices, but not with mental health QOL indices. These relationships were present even when moderating variables were co-varied. Improvements in physical ability were predictive of decreased expectations that physical health would interfere with work or other daily activities. As the physical capabilities of our patients increased, they reported feeling less physical pain and were less limited by any pain they did experience. And, increased physical ability was associated with a brighter outlook on current and expected future health status. These findings provide support for Ware’s theory of QOL.
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