34th Hayes Graduate Research Forum (February, 2020)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/88744

Arts
1st place: Murteza, Noor
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2nd place: Kaniuka, Emily
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3rd place: Zhu, Biyun
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Biological Sciences
1st place: Pukos, Nicole
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2nd place: Campbell, Warren
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3rd place: Hussein, Walaa
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Business
1st place: Li, Dongxu
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2nd place: Jin, Jianna
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3rd place: Chung, Seunghoo
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Education & Human Ecology
1st place: Nagpal, Manisha
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2nd place: Helsabeck, Nathan
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3rd place: Talley, Susan
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Engineering
1st place: Jones, Caitlin
2nd place: Newman-Griffis, Denis
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3rd place: Razzak, Towhidur
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FAES
1st place: Miles, Brittany
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2nd place: Nordstedt, Nathan
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3rd place: Xu, Yumin
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Health Sciences
1st place: Flannery, Meghan
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2nd place: Bonneville, Russell
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3rd place: Chen, Helen
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Humanities
1st place: Yeager, Sean A.
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2nd place: Estiri, Ehsan
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3rd place: Liu, Yiwen

Math & Physical Sciences
1st place: Pozderac, Preston
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2nd place: Prusinowski, Allen
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3rd place: Matuk, James
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Social & Behavioral Sciences
1st place: Park, Yujin
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2nd place: Lo, Stephen
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3rd place: Allen, Elise
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Poster Division: Biological Sciences
1st place: Yin, Wenyuan
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2nd place: Braunreiter, Kara
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3rd place: Zalenski, Abigail

Poster Division: Education & Human Ecology
1st place: Higginson, Kelsey
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2nd place: Scott, Kimberly
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3rd place: Vakil, Joanne
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Poster Division: FAES
1st place: Beetstra, Margaret
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2nd place: Sommer, Abigail
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Poster Division: Health Sciences
1st place: Scott, Michelle
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2nd place: Lordo, Matthew
3rd place: Bican, Rachel
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Poster Division: Math, Physical Sciences, & Engineering
1st place: Jergens, Elizabeth
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2nd place: Smith, Joseph
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3rd place: Talarico, Maria
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Poster Division: Social & Behavioral Sciences
1st place: Harden, John
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2nd place: Cotter, Maria
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3rd place: Perta, Karen
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Now showing 1 - 20 of 43

Age of diagnosis, not dose of rehabilitation interventions, is related to severity of cerebral palsy
(2020-02) Bican, Rachel; Heathcock, Jill
Safety of shell eggs contaminated by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis as affected by different heating rates during mild egg pasteurization
(2020-02) Xu, Yumin; Yousef, Ahmed
Self-efficacy in pediatric physical therapy education: considering domain-specific experiential learning
(2020-02) Scott, Kimberley; Heathcock, Jill
Nicotine-free and Nicotine-containing E-cigarettes Differentially Alter Microbial Colonization Dynamics
(2020-02) Scott, Michelle; Kumar, Purnima; Dabdoub, Shareef
Diving for Pearls: Indexing Mobility Information in Social Security Administration Clinical Records with a Neural Relevance Tagger
(2020-02) Newman-Griffis, Denis; Fosler-Lussier, Eric
Locating sparse information in medical text that is relevant to self-reported functional limitations is a key challenge in the US Social Security Administration's process of determining disability. We investigate the effectiveness of a recent relevance scoring model for retrieving information related to mobility limitations, one of the most frequent allegation types in disability applications. Descriptions of mobility status are complex and difficult to extract with existing methods. We demonstrate that tagging for relevance at the token level achieves high recall on retrieving true mobility descriptions, and ranking documents by the amount of predicted mobility-relevant information achieves very strong correlation with ranking by the true number of mobility descriptions in each document. Additionally, experiments on a dataset of long, highly heterogenous documents show that our approach performs nearly perfectly at ranking documents with mobility-related information higher than those without, indicating that relevance estimation has high potential utility as a document triage tool for managing high-volume disability applications.
Nearpod VR Influence on Science Engagement and Content Retention among Elementary and Middle School Students
(2020-02) Vakil, Joanne; Post, Paul
Characterization of Differential Expression of Hes7 Isoforms in the Mouse PSM
(2020-02) Braunreiter, Kara; Cole, Susan
Swing Heil: Embodied Resistance to the Third Reich
(2020-02) Kaniuka, Emily; Kosstrin, Hannah
Late 1930s Germany was an environment of major political upheaval as Hitler rose to power and his malevolent anti-Semitism brought on tangible effects. December 1, 1936, the German government declared that all German children "shall be educated physically, intellectually, and morally in the spirit of National Socialism to serve the people and community, through the Hitler Youth" (United States, 1946). This event can also be considered the reactionary commencement of the Swing Youth, or swingjugend. This teenage subculture actively subverted the corporeal controls the Nazi regime impressed on citizens' everyday lives, primarily militaristic, supremacist aesthetic values, by sustaining an underground community centered around African American vernacular jazz music and dance. Rather than overt opposition to the Nazi regime and German fascist politics, the Swing Youth engaged in an embodied resistance to Hitler's anti-modernist, culturally homogenizing values through an embrace of global modernist values. Through archival and embodied research, I examine the ingress of jazz culture in 1930s Germany through the fissures in Hitler’s nationalism, and the use of a uniquely African-American dance form as a daring method of subversion. I demonstrate the Swing Youth's creation of a uniquely German dance style, grounded in transnational aesthetics and values, and thus place the German Swing Youth firmly within the global modernist movement. Due to Nazi Germany's increased cultural isolation, many of the nation's teens did not have easy access to direct body-to-body transmission of American swing dance. Rather, the Swing Youth subculture developed their style of dance to accompany international jazz musical recordings based on their imaginary of American culture, which they viewed in direct opposition to the Hitler Youth's rigid uniformity. To this fabricated style, the German teens added their own specifics including rebellious debasement of the infamous Nazi salute with the addition of Churchill's victory "V" at their fingertips. Extending Emily Wilcox's term "kinesthetic nationalism," or, the idea that an embodied aesthetic unifies members of a national culture, even through various experiences of diaspora, I explain the Swing Youth's reproduction of their idea of African American jazz culture as kinesthetic fellowship: an embodied camaraderie with one distinct group by an external community, not only applying the artistic aesthetic, but also the political values of the community they replicate. Because they were not interested in recreating mainstream American culture, but specifically African American jazz culture, the imagined America that the Swing Youth attempted to connect themselves to was based on envisioning a future, political by proxy of movement and musical aesthetics; they were heralds of a new, distinctly global yet specifically German culture.
The Framework of Cultural Diplomacy Design: Goals, Tools and Contexts
(2020-02) Zhu, Biyun; Wyszomirski, Margaret
Time Maps: Theory, Method, and Interpretation
(2020-02) Yeager, Sean A.; McHale, Brian
Prenatal Stress Leads to Intrauterine Dysfunction and Offspring Behavioral Deficits
(2020-02) Chen, Helen; Gur, Tamar
Prenatal stress (PNS) is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring, including anxiety, depression, and autism. There is mounting evidence that these behavioral phenotypes have origins in utero. Maternal microbes and inflammation have been implicated as potential mediators of the behavioral consequences of PNS; whether and how these systems interact is unclear. Here, we examine the effects of PNS in utero using late-gestation maternal restraint stress in wild-type (WT), germ-free (GF), and CCL2-/- genetic knock-out (KO) mice. In WT mice, PNS leads to placental and fetal brain inflammation, including an elevation in the chemokine CCL2. This inflammation is largely absent in GF mice, indicating the critical role of maternal microbes in mediating immune processes in utero. Furthermore, PNS in the absence of CCL2 failed to increase pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the fetal brain. PNS induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype in fetal microglia, which may be the source of the CCL2- and microbe-dependent inflammation in the fetal brain. Finally, PNS offspring exhibited deficits in sociability and anxiety-like behavior that were absent in CCL2-/- PNS offspring. Altogether, these findings suggest that a complex interaction between maternal microbes and inflammation regulates the emergence of behavioral abnormalities following PNS.
Polarization Dependent Relativistic Transparency: Particle-In-Cell Simulations and Experiment
(2020-02) Pozderac, Preston; Schumacher, Douglass
The study of the fundamental interaction between intense light and matter began with the first laser, built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman [1]. As lasers have grown in power, increasingly exotic phenomena have been discovered. In the 1960's, nonlinear optics was discovered and is now a key technology underlying the world economy. The development of chirped pulse amplification by Donna Strickland and Gérard Mourou in the 1980's [2] opened the way to the new frontier of "relativistic intensities" in the 1990's where matter can be heated to the point where it must be treated according to Special Relativity. Strickland and Mourou were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018 for this discovery. Unlike particle physics experiments where individual particles stream at close to the speed of light, intense laser driven relativistic matter must still be treated as a material with structure and collective effects. Such matter is common in the cosmos, but must be created on earth and there is much that we do not understand about it. Also, there appears to be considerable potential for important applications such as laser generated neutron beams for radiography. Lasers must be able to achieve intensities of approximately 1018 W/cm2 to create such matter. (For reference, the intensity of sunlight on a bright day is approximately 0.1 W/cm2.) We are investigating relativistic transparency, one of the most important relativistic effects. Here, the electrons are moving so close to the speed of light due to the laser that they undergo a large relativistic mass increase becoming as much as 50 times more massive, in our case. The electrons become difficult to accelerate and are then less able to screen the laser fields and even opaque media can become transparent. This affects all other relativistic processes such as laser driven ion acceleration [3]. Despite its importance in our field, direct measurements of relativistic transparency are limited [4-5] due to the extreme target conditions and much is still not understood. Furthermore, recent theory [6] predicts a polarization dependence that was not expected, and is not yet verified by experiment. My group has recently directly measured relativistic transparency using a two laser "pump-probe" configuration for the first time. The experiment was also able to observe the predicted polarization dependence, again for the first time, using novel 25 nm thick liquid crystal targets that my group invented. There are many aspects of the experiment that we do not understand, however, including the time dependence of the effect. The experiment was performed with 30 femtosecond (30 x 10-15 s) resolution and we could observe transparency turning on and back off. I performed particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to help explain what was observed and to use the results, if possible, as a probe of the intense laser-matter interaction itself. What was the electron distribution during the experiment? Can the scattered light in the experiment be used as a probe? Are there better ways to perform the experiment? Due to the complex nature of laser-matter interactions, there is no general theoretical description and computational methods are needed. The PIC method simulates the laser-matter interaction from first principles using Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law. The computation time is reduced by two key approximations: (1) The large number of electrons in a real experiment is replaced by a smaller number of simulation electrons; and (2) Continuous space is replaced with a grid. Nonetheless, these simulations still require days on a supercomputer. The simulations successfully reproduce the main results from the experiment including the size and time dependence of the effect, suggesting the simulations are valid. This then gives us confidence to use the simulations to answer the above questions. For example, I observe the formation of a strongly anisotropic electron momentum distribution as predicted by theory, but I also see unusual scattering from the hot and cold regions of the target that might provide a new and more sensitive experimental probe. To get these results, I had to develop methods to extract the signal from the noisy environment around the target. These results have far reaching implications for intense laser-matter interactions. A fundamental understanding of relativistic transparency will better inform how to utilize the effect to increase the yield of energetic ions and neutrons. The polarization dependence could be used to make polarizers that can handle such intense laser pulses. The combined experimental and computational approach of my group is leading to new analysis tools that will guide future experiments and applications.
In Search of Piety: Why Muslim Iranian Angelinos Convert to Christianity?
(2020-02) Estiri, Ehsan; Liu, Morgan
The world's largest community of Iranian diaspora, which constitutes a Muslim majority, lives in the greater Los Angeles (Graham and Khosravi 2002: 223). Based on one year of ethnographic fieldwork in the Iranian Angelino community, which included participant observation and more than ten in-depth interviews, this paper attempts to understand why there is a trend of conversions to Christianity among first-generation Muslims born Iranian Angelinos. Unlike the previous scholarship on the Iranian conversations to Christianity that explain tendencies to Christianity as a "strategy" to get asylum status and eventually immigrate to the global north, my research claims that many of the conversations are genuine and with the aim of achieving piety. My interlocutors critiqued Islam as an "easy religion" and repeatedly stated that "Christianity is hard." They believed Islam was not strict enough and could not make them pious. The congregants expressed Christianity appeals to them because it is a "rigorous" way of life that "guarantees" piety for its followers. They explained that Christianity "works on your heart" and pays attention to all details of life while Islam only cares about external actions. As one of my interlocutors put it, "in Islam you are allowed to think about being with women other than your wife; but in Christianity Jesus has said 'if you think of the neighbor's wife you have already committed adultery.'" Aligned with Islamic laws, both churches forbid corporeal pleasures such as consumption of alcohol or extramarital relationships. However, they believed these laws were "not enough," and piety should be achieved by a constant attempt to "plant the love of Jesus Christ in [their] hearts," perpetual introspection, and scrupulous self-examination.
The Impact of Green Infrastructure on Stormwater Quality: A Sewershed-Scale Analysis of the Effects of Blueprint Columbus on Nutrients, Sediments, and Metals
(2020-02) Smith, Joseph; Winston, Ryan
The discharge of pollutants to surface waters via stormwater runoff is a societal challenge. Among other impacts, these pollutants cause harmful algal blooms and eutrophication resulting in degraded water quality, threats to public health and potable water, and reduced tourism, cultural activities, and coastal economies. Waterborne pollutants can be unsightly, including plastics, garbage, and sediment, or less visible, including nutrients and soluble metals. Stormwater runoff is a major source of nutrients, sediment, and metals to aquatic ecosystems. Green infrastructure (GI) is a novel way to reduce stormwater to improve water quality to protect ecosystems, public health, and coastal economies. While the ability for GI to reduce stormwater pollution has been demonstrated for single installations and at a smaller scale of less than 10 ha, there are still important unknowns about water quality benefits of a network of GI across entire sewersheds. These questions were the focus of this research. GI reduces directly connected impervious area through the use of stormwater control measures including bioretention cells and permeable pavement. Using soil and plants as natural filters, these solutions have been shown to individually improve water quality. This improvement is made possible by increasing sewershed storage and infiltration to counter impermeable surfaces typical in urban areas. As part of the Blueprint Columbus project, several hundred bioretention cells and 8,742 m2 of permeable pavement roads have been implemented in the Clintonville neighborhood of Columbus, OH. Also, redirecting downspouts, implementing sump pumps, and lining sanitary sewer laterals have been used to lessen sanitary sewer overflows, and large underground tunneled to lessen combines sewer overflows. Bioretention and permeable pavement are the focus of this thesis. Using automated samplers, event mean water quality samples were collected and analyzed for nutrients, sediment, and metals over three and a half years at the outfall of three sewersheds (11.5 to 111.5 ha) located in the Clintonville neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. Tipping bucket rain gauges and flow meters were utilized to characterize sewershed hydrology. GI was installed in two sewersheds while the third served as a control to account for annual and seasonal changes in rainfall, runoff, and pollutant generation. A before-after, control-impact paired sewershed approach was applied to obtain a robust comparison of pollutant concentrations and loads before and after the installation of GI. Water quality samples were collected at the discharge point of three sewersheds located in the Clintonville neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. A network of various technologies, including tipping rain gauges, area-velocity meters, and ISCO water samplers were utilized to continuously collect water quality data, including nutrients, sediment, and metals. This network was able to sense precipitation and collect samples throughout the duration of the precipitation event, producing event mean pollutant concentrations. Pollutant loads were calculated as the product of this event mean pollutant concentration and measured stormwater runoff volume. Total nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended solid concentrations decreased by 13.7-24.1, 20.9-47.4, and 61.6-67.7%, respectively. Loads reductions for these pollutants were in the range of 24.0-25.4, 27.8-32.6, and 59.5-78.3%, respectively. Significant reduction in both particulate and dissolved pollutants were observed due to GI installation at a sewershed scale. Lead, copper, and zinc concentrations decreased in the range of 25.2-58.3% and loads in the range of 21.3-52.3%. Storm event loads were significantly reduced for every heavy metal analyzed herein. Bioretention was better suited to treat TSS, Cu, and Pb for smaller storm events. Since these results are for 1 or 2 years following the installation of GI, inherent limitations exist with sampling size, especially when trying to make statistical conclusions with 1 year of post-GI data. Sustained monitoring will be needed to evaluate future impacts of the system on water quality.
Characterization of clonal evolution in microsatellite unstable metastatic cancers through multi-regional tumor sequencing
(2020-02) Bonneville, Russell; Roychowdhury, Sameek
Persistence in STEM: An Analysis of Achievement Goals, Gender, and Class Belonging
(2020-02) Allen, Elise C.; Yu, Shirley
This study investigated what factors contribute to motivational engagement, and specifically, persistence on coursework, for students in collegiate physics courses. Data were collected from 994 students in 1,000- and 2,000-level physics courses, who were surveyed as part of a larger study on motivation and engagement. Achievement goal orientations, sense of class belonging, and gender effects were examined via multiple linear regression in order to determine how each of these factors contributes to students' persistence on coursework within physics. Mastery-approach goal orientations and class belonging were found to be significantly and positively related to persistence, while performance-avoidance goal orientations were not found to have a significant relation to the persistence outcome. Despite previous work on female belonging in STEM, gender did not moderate the relation between class belonging and persistence. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Elucidation of a potential detection mechanism for high-viscosity solutions in the oral cavity using tissue isolation and anatomical characterization
(2020-02) Miles, Brittany L.; Simons, Christopher T.
Studies on viscosity and its oral perception are limited to relatively thin viscosities (η<3000cP), thinner than many relevant food products. Moreover, multiple modelling studies indicate perception of high-viscosity solutions is linked to filiform papillae deformation, but this has yet to be tested psychophysically. This study sought to characterize the detection mechanism underpinning perception of high-viscosity (η>3000cP) solutions. We hypothesized the tongue would be chiefly responsible for viscosity perception, due to its active role in product manipulation, and that discrimination ability of high-viscosity solutions would be linked to filiform papillary attributes. Just-noticeable difference (JNDs) thresholds for viscosity were determined for participants (n=59) using the forced-choice staircase method for glycerin/water/carboxymethyl cellulose solutions (η=4798-12260cP). Participants evaluated solutions by pressing them against the hard palate in "palate-blocked", "tongue-blocked", and "unblocked" conditions. Optical profiling was then used to characterize papillary structures in tongue biopsies of a subset of participants (n=45). Papillary attributes were related to "palate-blocked" performance using causal analysis. Participants' differentiations were significantly better (p<0.001, both) using the whole oral cavity (JND=1041.71cP±50.36cP) than using tongue (JND=1671.26cP±142.77cP) or palate (JND=1791.42cP±117.42cP) alone. There was no significant difference between the blocked conditions (p=0.724), and performance in those conditions was not significantly correlated (p=0.773). "Palate-blocked" data significantly correlated to filiform papillae length and density (p<0.001, and p=0.005, respectively). Variation in these attributes alone explained variation in "palate-blocked" JND (p<0.001). Results from psychophysical tests run counter to the original hypothesis, suggesting the tongue and palate play equal roles in viscosity perception, but individuals may differentially utilize these tissues when discriminating between solutions. Similarly, anatomical characterization of filiform papillae provides insight into the role these structures play in high-viscosity perception.
Positive Social Dynamic Predictors of Student Learning
(2020-02) Talley, Susan; Kim, Minjung
Researchers who study student learning in higher education tend to approach it from two perspectives. Some focus on student behaviors (such as study behaviors) and others focus on negative social dynamics such as incivility. The current study aimed to examine positive social dynamics in the classroom. Rapport, immediacy, learning alliance, and classroom citizenship behavior were examined for their prediction of both affective and cognitive student learning. Regression analyses revealed that learning alliance was a significant predictor for only affective learning while rapport was the only social dynamic variable that predicted all measures of student learning. This suggests that a harmonious relationship with the instructor is a better predictor of student learning than general friendliness and attentiveness of the instructor, a collaborative bond with the instructor, or behavior of the student.
Chronic Remyelination After Spinal Cord Injury
(2020-02) Pukos, Nicole; McTigue, Dana
Investigating Teachers' Implementation of New Social and Emotional Learning Standards Through a Community of Practice
(2020-02) Higginson, Kelsey; Sutherland, Sue

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