Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 85, Issue 1 (March, 1985)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/22081

Front Matter
pp. 0
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Racial Residential Segregation in Ohio's Eigh Largest Cities: 1950-1980
Leahy, P. J.; Grant, N. pp. 2-6
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (338KB)

Tanaorhamphus Longirostris (Acanthocephala) in Gizzard Shad from Ceasar Creek Lake, Ohio
Hubschman, Jerry H. pp. 7-11
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Retrospective Assessment of a Potential Cadmium Hazard
Manner, Barbara M.; Lee, R. F.; Corbett, Robert G. pp. 12-16
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Thyroid Feeding From Conception and Hypo-thalamo Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response in 30-Day-Old Rats
Meserve, Lee A.; Scriffignano, J. S. pp. 17-22
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Geographic Variation in Agonistic Responses of Territorial Male Brook Sticklebacks, Culae Inconstans
Burks, D. J.; Scantland, D. A.; Sinclair, R. S.; Woolpy, J. H. pp. 23-29
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Introducing Minorities to Natural Resource Career Opportunities
Bowman, M. L.; Shepard, C. L. pp. 29-33
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Breeding Birds of a Central Ohio Woodlot in Response to Succession and Urbanization
Horn, David J. pp. 34-40
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Geographic Variation in Size and Reproductive Success in the Paw Paw (Asimina Triloba)
Lagrange, R. L.; Tramer, E. J. pp. 40-45
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Nesting Success in Ohio's Endangered Common Tern
Shields, M. A.; Townsend, Thomas W. pp. 45-49
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The Composition, Structure, and Phenology of the Vegetation at the O. E. Anderson Compass-Plant Prairie in Unglaciated Southeastern Ohio
Auffenorde, T. M.; Wistendahl, Warren A. pp. 50-59
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Brief Note: A Guide to the Identification of the Hickories of Southeastern Ohio
McCarthy, Brian C. pp. 60-62
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Brief Note: Summertime Air Convergence over the Marblehead Peninsula, Ohio
Hannes, Gerald P.; Hannes, Susan M. pp. 62-64
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Brief Note: Fossil Vertebrate Taxonomic Diversity Correlated with Outcrop Area
Hatfield, Craig Bond pp. 64-67
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Brief Note: Lophopodella Carteri (Hyatt), Pottsiella Erecta (Potts), and Other Freshwater Ectoprocta in the Conneticut River (New England, U.S.A.)
Smith, Douglas G. pp. 67-70
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Book Reviews
pp. 70-70
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List of Reviewers of Papers Appearing in the Ohio Journal of Science During 1984
pp. 71-72
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Now showing 1 - 18 of 18

Back Matter
(1985-03)
List of Reviewers of Papers Appearing in the Ohio Journal of Science During 1984
(1985-03)
Book Reviews
(1985-03)
Brief Note: Lophopodella Carteri (Hyatt), Pottsiella Erecta (Potts), and Other Freshwater Ectoprocta in the Connecticut River (New England, U.S.A.)
(1985-03) Smith, Douglas G.
Brief Note: Fossil Vertebrate Taxonomic Diversity Correlated with Outcrop Area
(1985-03) Hatfield, Craig Bond
Brief Note: Summertime Air Convergence over the Marblehead Peninsula, Ohio
(1985-03) Hannes, Gerald P.; Hannes, Susan M.
Brief Note: A Guide to the Identification of the Hickories of Southeastern Ohio
(1985-03) McCarthy, Brian C.
The Composition, Structure, and Phenology of the Vegetation at the O. E. Anderson Compass-Plant Prairie in Unglaciated Southeastern Ohio
(1985-03) Auffenorde, T. M.; Wistendahl, Warren A.
The O. E. Anderson Compass-Plant Prairie, located in the unglaciated hill country of southeastern Ohio (Lawrence Co.), currently represents the only known extant occurrence o£ Silphium laciniatum (compass-plant) in Ohio. Some prairie indicator species present include Andropogon Gerardi, A. scoparius, Sorghastrum nutans, Panicum virgatum, Sporobolus asper, and Silphium laciniatum. The vegetation is dominated on a quantitative basis by Andropogon scoparius with Rubus spp., Rhus Copallinum, Rosa Carolina and Carex complanata as subdominants. Phenologically the site exhibits three flowering pulses, one in late May and two in August. Vegetative differences between the prairie and a nearby pasture were primarily quantitative and not qualitative. The prairie species at this site may be adventive as a result of agricultural activities.
Nesting Success in Ohio's Endangered Common Tern
(1985-03) Shields, M. A.; Townsend, Thomas W.
Nesting success of Ohio's endangered common tern (Sterna hirundo) population was studied during 1980 at Lucas County Port Authority Facility No. 3 (F3) located near Toledo in Maumee Bay, Lake Erie. Ninety-one clutches in three of eight tern subcolonies at this site were studied in detail. Sixty-nine percent (157/229) of the eggs failed to hatch, and abandonment of nests during incubation was responsible for nearly half of the hatching failures. Most abandonments were believed caused by nocturnal visits to nest sites by a feral cat. Observations at the fourth subcolony indicated that vegetation overgrowing nests and encroachment by juvenile ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) caused additional nest abandonments. Fledging success in the three subcolonies studied in detail was estimated at 0.62 chicks fledged/nest. Production in 1980 was below replacement. Continued reproductive failures will result in extirpation of the common tern from Ohio.
Geographic Variation in Size and Reproductive Success in the Paw Paw (Asimina Triloba)
(1985-03) Lagrange, R. L.; Tramer, E. J.
The size, sexual performance, and habitat of the paw paw tree (Asimina triloba) were analyzed at three sites between the center and the northern portion of its geographic range. Maximum girth and height occurred in stands on moist shady sites regardless of geographic location. In the northern part of its range the paw paw was restricted to such sites, but toward the center paw paws occupied unshaded, relatively dry sites as well. Flowers were abundant in all stands studied, but fruit set was nil in the north and highest at the center. We suggest that geographic variation in fruit set may be due to low pollination success in the north, caused by the scarcity and isolation of paw paw stands coupled with protogyny and highly synchronous flowering.
Breeding Birds of a Central Ohio Woodlot in Response to Succession and Urbanization
(1985-03) Horn, David J.
Population densities of breeding birds were surveyed intensively in a formerly grazed 11 ha woodlot near Columbus, Ohio, during 1938-42 and 1979-84. During the years between surveys, canopy cover increased while shrubstory and ground cover were reduced greatly except along two edges. Suburban residential development engulfed most of the surrounding cropland; remaining fields were converted from pasture to intensive cropping (corn, alfalfa, turfgrass). Changes in avifauna generally reflected these environmental changes. Species typical of open understory (e.g. indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea; field sparrow, Spizella pusilla) decreased greatly and were confined to edges, while forest-interior species (e.g. acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens; wood thrush, Hylockhla mustelina) increased in numbers. Generalists, forest-edge species often associated with surburban development, also increased (e.g. American robin, Turdus migratorius; northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis). Raptors decreased, along with some cavity-nesting species (e.g. tufted titmouse, Parus bicolor), perhaps in response to reduced availability of nesting sites.
Introducing Minorities to Natural Resource Career Opportunities
(1985-03) Bowman, M. L.; Shepard, C. L.
In an effort to increase the participation of minorities within natural resource professions, the U.S. Forest Service's Northeastern Forest Experiment Station and The Ohio State University's School of Natural Resources developed and implemented a resident outdoor experience to introduce selected minority youth to natural resource career opportunities. Two groups of high school students, one minority and one nonminority, participated in three-day resident programs. The research design consisted of a pretest-posttest comparison of results from a resource inventory, stress test and an information questionnaire administered to each group prior to and after the experience. Results indicate that a positive learning experience for both groups took place; however, when compared to the non-minority students the knowledge and attitudes of the minority students changed significantly. There was no difference in stress level factors between the two groups. At the end of the experience, the minority students indicated an increased interest in forestry and other natural resource management areas, especially wildlife.
Geographic Variation in Agonistic Responses of Territorial Male Brook Sticklebacks, Culae Inconstans
(1985-03) Burks, D. J.; Scantland, D. A.; Sinclair, R. S.; Woolpy, J. H.
Territorial aggressive behavior was studied in male brook sticklebacks collected in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Oshkosh, Wisconsin; Ft. Atkinson, Wisconsin, and Urbana, Ohio. In the 20 h of observation 1,167 individual encounters with 3,305 separate aggressive displays were observed. Aggressive behavior was observed to be complex with at least 12 distinct aggressive display postures observed.
Thyroid Feeding From Conception and Hypo-thalamo Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response in 30-Day-Old Rats
(1985-03) Meserve, Lee A.; Scriffignano, J. S.
Elevation of thyroid status in pre- and postnatal rats has been previously shown to accelerate the development of the neuroendocrine axis controlling adrenal response to stress. The present study determined the influence of feeding desiccated thyroid powder (0.03%) in the maternal diet from conception until young were 30 d old. Circulating corticosterone levels were compared in control and thyroid-fed young before stimulation, after a general stress (one min exposure to ether fumes), direct adrenal stimulation (subcutaneous adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) injection) or control injection (physiological saline subcutaneously). Corticosterone levels were measured by both fluorometric assay and radioimmunoassay (RIA). These comparisons revealed that thyroid feeding did not significantly influence basal corticosterone levels, or response to general stress or saline injection. However, injected ACTH stimulated a significantly greater adrenal response in controls than thyroid-fed rats. Since responses relying on endogenous ACTH were not altered by thyroid feeding, it is suggested that absorption of subcutaneously injected ACTH was subnormal in the experimental animals. Results were similar for both assay techniques, indicating that the advantages of precision and specificity given by RIA over fluorometric assay were not critical in this study.
Retrospective Assessment of a Potential Cadmium Hazard
(1985-03) Manner, Barbara M.; Lee, R. F.; Corbett, Robert G.
In 1968 an accidental discharge of cadmium plating solution caused a significant fish kill near Ravenna, Ohio. Water (130 samples) from West Branch Reservoir in 1971 and 1973 contained up to 0.055 mg/l cadmium, and fish (nine species, muscle tissue) contained up to 0.34 mg/kg. As a control, water and fish were sampled from Nimisila Reservoir. Cadmium was not detected in water (eight samples, 0.001 mg/l detection limit) and was detected in only one of eight species of fish (0.21 mg/kg).
Tanaorhamphus Longirostris (Acanthocephala) in Gizzard Shad from Ceasar Creek Lake, Ohio
(1985-03) Hubschman, Jerry H.
Gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, were collected from Caesar Creek Lake, Ohio, from March through October, 1982. A short period of infection by Tanaorhamphus longirostris occurred from April through July. Both prevalence and intensity were low, with overall mean intensity of 2.25. No relationship could be detected between infection by the worm and the size of the host fish. Maturation and reproduction by the worms peaked in May. Male and female worms were found together in only 14.5% of the infections. It is proposed that the short period of infection results from failure of the late-appearing juvenile worms to develop to maturity. Distribution of worms within the intestine of the gizzard shad was as follows: segment I = 52%, segment II = 22%, segment III = 13%, segment IV = 13%. All of the worms found in the last segment occurred late in the infection period. Infection in June and July was dominated by juvenile worms. These apparently failed to develop because no worms were found in August or October.
Racial Residential Segregation in Ohio's Eigh Largest Cities: 1950-1980
(1985-03) Leahy, P. J.; Grant, N.
Racial residential segregation patterns in the eight largest Ohio cities are examined from 1950-1980 to determine if certain gains which blacks recently have made in other areas of life have been translated into improved residential integration. Data were collected from the 1950, I960, 1970, and 1980 United States Censuses of Population and Housing at the census tract level. The index of dissimilarity is used to measure residential segregation at both the central city and outside central city levels of the Standard Metropolitan Statistical area. Results indicate improvement in residential segregation during the 1970s for both the central cities and the suburbs, although the levels of segregation remain high overall. Cleveland, home to nearly one-fourth the black population of the state, remains highly segregated, both in the central city and in its suburbs.
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(1985-03)

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