Polata Knigopisnaia: Volume 16 (August 1987)

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Early Protestantism in Eastern Europe: Introduction
Du Feu, Veronica pp. 2-5
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Martin Luther und das frühe baltische Schrifttum
Eckert, Rainer pp. 6-25
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The Lutheranization in Karelia and Ingermanland
Sjöberg, Anders pp. 26-33
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Polnische Reformation als geistige Bewegung
Tazbir, Janusz pp. 34-47
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Protestantism and the Development of the Polish Language
Szymczak, Mieczsław pp. 48-55
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The Reformation and the Development of Polish Literature and Polish Printing
Buchwald Pelcowa, Paulina; Pelc, Janusz pp. 56-67
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Der Fremdsprachenunterricht in der Frühzeit des Peterburger Akademie- Gymnasiums
Keipert, Helmut pp. 68-82, 152
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The Transmission of Wycliffite Texts to Bohemia
Hudson, Anne pp. 83-93, 152
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О мировоззрении Афанасия Никитина
Lur'e, Iakov Solomonovich; Лурье, Я. С. [Яков Соломонович] pp. 94-111
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The Calvinist Bukvar' of Trinity College Dublin
Roberts, Christophen pp. 112-123
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Cover and Table of Contents
Veder, William R.; Capaldo, Mario; Du Feu, Veronica pp. 124, 1
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Afanasii Nikitin’s Weltanschaung
Lur'e, Ia. S. [Iakov Solomonovich]; Лурье, Я. С. [Яков Соломонович] pp. 125-140
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Reformation or Reformatio: The Case of Muscovite Russia
Howlett, Jana R. pp. 141-151
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    О мировоззрении Афанасия Никитина
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Lur'e, Iakov Solomonovich; Лурье, Я. С. [Яков Соломонович]
    Lur'e discusses Afanasii Nikitin's "Khozhenie za tri moria," reviewing the critical literature on this work and commenting on why Nikitin may have traveled to India.
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    Afanasii Nikitin’s Weltanschaung
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Lur'e, Ia. S. [Iakov Solomonovich]; Лурье, Я. С. [Яков Соломонович]
    This is a translation of the article by Ia. S. Lur'e, "O мировоззрении Афанасия Никитина," which appears in Polata knigopisnaia 16 (August 1987): 94-111. Lur'e discusses the critical literature on Nikitin and his "Khozhenie za tri moria" or "Voyage beyond Three Seas."
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    Reformation or Reformatio: The Case of Muscovite Russia
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Howlett, Jana R
    The history of early European Protestantism is inseparable from the history of the Catholic Church. The movement "reformatio" or reform within the existing framework, preceded the Reformation when Protestant churches finally split away from the church of Rome. In the lands controlled by the grand princes of Moscow anti-Catholicism ‒ and later anti-Protestantism ‒ was part of the official ideology of both church and state. Yet, judging from histories of Russian thought in this period, the Reformation did not pass Russia by. According to a theory first argued in the works of la. S. Lur'e and expanded by A. I. Klibanov, outbreaks of heresy in Russia's major cities between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries were not sporadic, but links in a continuous chain of “opposition to the church and therefore the whole of the ruling class.” This was Russia’s own Reformation movement, which expressed the discontent of Russia's poorer gentry and nascent bourgeoisie and found expression in ideas parallel to, though independent of, Reformation thought in the West. The view that Russia had a Reformation movement was and remains influential though it has been the subject of debate. This paper aims to contribute to this debate by reconsidering some of the arguments. Polata 16:141.
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    Der Fremdsprachenunterricht in der Frühzeit des Peterburger Akademie- Gymnasiums
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Keipert, Helmut
    This article looks at the foreign language teaching at the St. Petersburg Academy-Gymnasium in terms of foreign language books translated and made available in Russia in the 18th century, e.g., polyglot Latin dictionaries, etc.
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    The Calvinist Bukvar' of Trinity College Dublin
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Roberts, Christophen
    One of the two Slavonic manuscripts in Trinity College Library in Dublin, Ireland, is an East Slavonic bukvar' or reading primer. Roberts gives a brief description of the manuscript, examining in particular the Russian Church Slavonic translations of the Belgic Confession and an abbreviated form of the Heidelberg Cathechism. He points to Old Believer influence in the translated text.
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    The Transmission of Wycliffite Texts to Bohemia
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Hudson, Anne
    Wycliffe's teaching remained influential in England right up to the Reformation, Wycliffe's most apparent success in the sixty years after his death was far from his native land within the 'coasts of Bohemia'.... The dominant ethnic group at the Charles University in Prague were the Germans who were for the most part confirmed nominalists. The adoption by the Czechs of Wycliffe's realism was evidently the more ardent because it demonstrated their hostility to the Germans. The texts which travelled from England to Bohemia were well cherished in their new home, better far than they were in their native land. Polata 16: 83, 90.
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    The Reformation and the Development of Polish Literature and Polish Printing
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Buchwald Pelcowa, Paulina; Pelc, Janusz
    The authors discuss the role of the Reformation in the history of Polish literature and printing, first commenting on earlier writers. "The Reformation played a very important role in the development of various important sections of literature in the Polish language. The most important thing was the preparation of the translations of the Bible although this task was difficult and was only implemented in stages. Of similar importance, however, were attempts to write the songs which were to serve the people in the service of the new Christian religions. Last but not least were the many polemical works, echoing the discussions of those who were fighting against the defendants of the Catholic church and the Papacy; these were written mainly in the form of dialogues and treatises, deliberations, orations, etc. In Poland, in order to oppose the supporters of the Reformation, the supporters of the Roman Catholic Church also began to write in Polish. However, in this struggle, polemic and exegetic works were not enough. The reply to the Reformed translations of the Bible into Polish was the preparation of Polish Catholic translation." Polata 16: 59.
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    Protestantism and the Development of the Polish Language
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Szymczak, Mieczsław
    Szymczak looks at "how the Protestant movement affected the development of the Polish language. The Polish Renaissance was a time of the discovery of the world and man; language had to keep up with this development of thought and culture. Language played an especially important part in the struggle to realize the ideas of the Reformation. It participated in a decisive way in the forming of social consciousness. But at the same time it underwent a process of integration and normalization. This was because socially established meanings of words are necessary for the conveying of a message, hence the social demand for a common national Polish literary language." Polata 16: 48.
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    Polnische Reformation als geistige Bewegung
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Tazbir, Janusz
    Tazbir discusses how the Reformation movement had a much stronger influence on the development of Polish socio-political thought than on theology, and how it did more to affect cultural change than contribute to the development of religious life.
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    The Lutheranization in Karelia and Ingermanland
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Sjöberg, Anders
    Sjöberg looks at the Lutheranization of Karelia and Ingermanland where "Lutheran Protestantism largely lacked the support of the people but was introduced through political decisions.... [T]he historical background of the question of Protestantism in these areas at this time is of course the confrontation between Swedish and Russian expansionist aspirations in this northern part of Europe." Polata 16: 26.
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    Martin Luther und das frühe baltische Schrifttum
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Eckert, Rainer
    Eckert discusses the influence of Martin Luther on the development of early Baltic literature: Old Prussian, Old Lithuanian, Old Latvian - largely in terms of the catechisms published and the works of early reformers, e.g., Abraomas Kulvietis (Abraham Culvensis) and Stanslovas Rapalionis; also Martynas Mažvydas, Jonas Bretkūnas et al.
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    Cover and Table of Contents
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Veder, William R.; Capaldo, Mario; Du Feu, Veronica
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    Early Protestantism in Eastern Europe: Introduction
    (William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland), 1987-08) Du Feu, Veronica
    Description of the colloquium, Early Protestantism in Eastern Europe, where the papers in this of Polata Knigopisnaia were first read. Speakers and their topics are summarized. Brief bibliography included.