Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 91, Issue 4 (September, 1991)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/22115

Front Matter
pp. 0
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Centennial Note: Ohio Geography in the One Hundred Years of The Ohio Academy of Science
Anderson, Thomas D.; Chang, Stephen S. pp. 146-147
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Cottontail Rabbit Habitat Use on Delaware Wildlife Area, Ohio
Boyd, Robert C.; Henry, John J. pp. 148-153
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Effect of Reclamation Technique on Mammal Communitites Inhabiting Wetlands on Mined Lands in East-Central Ohio
Lacki, Michael J.; Hummer, Joseph W.; Webster, Harold J. pp. 154-158
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Overwintering of the Leafhopper Graminella nigrifrons (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Northern Ohio
Anderson, R. J.; Louie, Raymond; Knoke, J. K. pp. 159-162
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Mortality of Vertebrates and Invertebrates on an Athens County, Ohio, Highway
Seibert, Henri C.; Conover, James H. pp. 163-166
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Adaptation of Cambarus bartonii cavatus (Hay) (Decapoda: Cambaridae) to Acid Mine-Polluted Waters
Gallaway, Michael S.; Hummon, William D. pp. 167-171
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Brief Note: Changes in Mixed Populations of Orconectes (R.) sloanii and O. (P.) rusticus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Southwestern Ohio
St. John, F. Lee pp. 172-173
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Book Reviews
pp. 174-175
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The Ohio Academy of Science Mission Statement
pp. 178-178
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Back Matter
(1991-09)
The Ohio Academy of Science Mission Statement
(1991-09)
Book Reviews
(1991-09)
Brief Note: Changes in Mixed Populations of Orconectes (R.) sloanii and O. (P.) rusticus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Southwestern Ohio
(1991-09) St. John, F. Lee
Fifteen stream sites where Orconectes (Rhoadesius) sloanii (Bundy) and O. (Procericambarus) rusticus (Girard) were usually found together in 1975-1977 were revisited in 1989. In nine of the localities O. sloanii was absent and in three others the ratio of O. sloanii to O. rusticus had decreased. At the remaining three sites the ratio of O. sloanii to O. rusticus increased at one and O. rusticus was no longer found at the other two.
Adaptation of Cambarus bartonii cavatus (Hay) (Decapoda: Cambaridae) to Acid Mine-Polluted Waters
(1991-09) Gallaway, Michael S.; Hummon, William D.
Juvenile crayfish [Cambarus bartonii cavatus] were taken from two nearby sites on Big Four Creek, Vinton County, OH. Water from upstream (UpS) and downstream (DnS) sites had total conductivities of 250 |iS and 600 \xS (|J,S = jimho/cm2) at 25° C. Non-carbonate conductivity was largely made up of sulfuric acid and heavy metals. Carbonates represented 40% of the conductivity at UpS but were absent from DnS. With only 100 (0.S of carbonate buffering capacity, water from UpS had little ability to neutralize acidic input, and this was easily overcome. Tests in seven solutions ranging between 250 (iS and 5000 \iS showed that: 1) mortality of crayfish was effected by the conductivity of test solutions, 2) DnS crayfish survived longer than UpS crayfish in all test conditions except the clean UpS water, and 3) there was no interaction term between source area and strength of conductivity on longevity. Attempts to acclimate crayfishes to higher levels of mine acid over short time periods were unsuccessful. Crayfish mortality under low acid conditions was not increased by addition of iron precipitate, though deaths were associated with ecdysis at intermediate and higher concentrations of mine acid. If DnS, but not UpS, crayfishes of this subspecies have acclimatized to intermediate concentrations of mine acid, then we infer a regime of semi-isolated reproduction over a short distance of streambed. Such an adaptation might have evolved following long—term exposure to low level, naturally—occurring acid seepage from coal outcrops, with success depending on the pre-adaptation of this subspecies to life in waters that are naturally low in carbonate buffering capacity.
Mortality of Vertebrates and Invertebrates on an Athens County, Ohio, Highway
(1991-09) Seibert, Henri C.; Conover, James H.
Although previous road-kill surveys have tallied the number and kinds of vertebrates that were victims of vehicular traffic (mostly birds and mammals), none has recorded invertebrate mortality. A 14-month survey on foot of each side of a 1.6 km (1 mi) stretch of dual lane highway provided 188 vertebrate and 1,162 invertebrate victims. Finding rare and unusual species of invertebrates suggests that this technique be used as a supplementary faunal survey.
Overwintering of the Leafhopper Graminella nigrifrons (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Northern Ohio
(1991-09) Anderson, R. J.; Louie, Raymond; Knoke, J. K.
Graminella nigrifrons was collected from the field in the fall of 1981 and placed in field cages containing fescue sod. Sixteen newly emerged G. nigrifrons were collected with a vacuum sampler the following spring. In the winter of 1982-1983, G. nigrifrons overwintered poorly on orchardgrass, better on ryegrass, and best on fescue. This data suggests thatG. nigrifrons overwintered as eggs. Stadia of development for G. nigrifrons were one week longer on fescue than on ryegrass. Compared to naturally infested caged areas, those into which an additional 2,636 field-collected leafhoppers were released resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in leafhopper survival. The vacuum sampler collected more leafhoppers than did small (130 cm2), yellow, adhesive-coated cards. Yellow cards captured more males than females, whereas the vacuum sampler collected more females than males inside the cages. The increased numbers of G. nigrifrons in the caged area after the fall release, and the 1:1 sex ratio found on sod areas outside cages are evidence that G. nigrifrons overwinters in northern Ohio. Fescue and ryegrass may serve as important overwintering hosts.
Effect of Reclamation Technique on Mammal Communitites Inhabiting Wetlands on Mined Lands in East-Central Ohio
(1991-09) Lacki, Michael J.; Hummer, Joseph W.; Webster, Harold J.
Mammal communities were studied from May through August, 1988 to 1990, at four wetland sites in Coshocton and Muskingum counties, OH. Sites represented varying degrees of disturbance from mining activity and subsequent reclamation techniques, including a wetland constructed to treat mine water drainage. Each site was composed of a series of three cattail (Typba latifolid) cells for a balanced experimental design. Mammals were inventoried with snap trap removal grids and midday surveys for signs of activity. Mammal diversity and richness was highest at the constructed wetland and lowest at the site established with traditional reclamation procedures. Predictable patterns of land use disturbance for species presence/absence were observed with some alpha diversity (habitat specific) species being absent (i.e., tree squirrels) and gamma diversity (wide-ranging) species such as mustelids occurring rarely. Beta diversity species (habitat generalists) like woodchucks (Marmota monax) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were common at all sites. The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) was the small mammal captured most frequently, being the most abundant small mammal at the constructed wetland and the undisturbed site, with meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) most prevalent at the remaining sites. These results suggest that a wetland constructed for the treatment of mine water drainage can provide secondary benefits as habitat for a variety of mammal species.
Cottontail Rabbit Habitat Use on Delaware Wildlife Area, Ohio
(1991-09) Boyd, Robert C.; Henry, John J.
A radio telemetry study was performed on cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsii) to quantify cover type use and infer selections with respect to cover type availability, year, sex- and age-class, time of day, and season. This study recorded 16,785 locations for 62 rabbits from 1981-1983. Briars (Rubus spp., Rosa multiflord) and old field were the two most used types of cover, together comprising more than 50% of locations. Relative to cover type availability, the briars type was the most preferred (P < 0.05). Both types were used heavily during day and night throughout the year, although use of briars was higher during day than night (P < 0.05). Rabbits that had survived a winter and spring spent more time in briars (P < 0.05) and less time in old field OP < 0.05) than those that had not. Implications are that wildlife managers must increase their emphasis on providing briars or other dense woody vegetation to maintain rabbit populations. Based on use percentages, rabbit cover type needs would be better met if percentages of area were: briars, herb-shrub, and cropland — each 25-35%; woodland — 0-10%.
Centennial Note: Ohio Geography in the One Hundred Years of The Ohio Academy of Science
(1991-09) Anderson, Thomas D.; Chang, Stephen S.
Front Matter
(1991-09)

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