Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 87, Issue 3 (June, 1987)

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Front Matter
pp. 0
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (655KB)

Xylem Feeding by Periodical Cicada Nymphs on Pine and Grass Roots, With Novel Suggestions for Pest Control in Conifer Plantations and Orchards
Lloyd, Monte; White, JoAnn pp. 50-54
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (1814KB)

A Nine-Year Study of the Lepidoptera of The Wilderness Center, Stark County, Ohio
Rings, Roy W.; Ritter, Richard M.; Hawes, Robert W.; Metzler, Eric H. pp. 55-61
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (789KB)

A Review of Host Specificity in Tanaorhamphus longirostris (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae)
Hubschman, Jerry H. pp. 61-66
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (1296KB)

Stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Gray's Run in Northeastern Ohio
Fishbeck, Dale W. pp. 67-72
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (1423KB)

Effects of Current Velocity on the Physical Structuring of Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) Communities
Lamb, Mark A.; Lowe, Rex L. pp. 72-78
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (2144KB)

Conodonts of the Estill Shale and Bisher Formation (Silurian, Southern Ohio): Biostratigraphy and Distribution
Kleffner, Mark A. pp. 78-89
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (3351KB)

Longevity in the Drosophila virilis Species Group. II. The D. montana Phylad
Durbin, Edward J.; Yoon, Jong Sik pp. 90-92
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (308KB)

Determiniation of Anterior-Posterior Orientation of Glochidia by The Examination of Glochial Valves present within The Umbos of Juvenile Unionid Clams (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Hoggarth, Michael A. pp. 93-95
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Book Reviews
pp. 96-96
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Back Matter
pp. 999
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (347KB)

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    Back Matter
    (1987-06)
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    Book Reviews
    (1987-06)
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    Determiniation of Anterior-Posterior Orientation of Glochidia by The Examination of Glochial Valves present within The Umbos of Juvenile Unionid Clams (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
    (1987-06) Hoggarth, Michael A.
    The terms anterior and posterior have been used differently by various authors working with the glochidia of the Unionidae. This report reviews the contradictory use of these terms in regard to glochidial orientation, and shows that the anterior and posterior margins of these minute parasitic larvae can be distinguished by demonstrating the morphological relationship between glochidial and juvenile shells. Glochidial valves, found upon examination of the umbos of juvenile clams, showed that the long side of the glochidium (measured from the middle of the dorsal margin to the base of the hook) corresponded to the anterior margin of the juvenile. The anterior margin of a glochidium may also be characterized as that margin closest to the single larval adductor muscle.
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    Longevity in the Drosophila virilis Species Group. II. The D. montana Phylad
    (1987-06) Durbin, Edward J.; Yoon, Jong Sik
    Longevity differences due to species, strain, and sex were examined for members of the Drosophila montana phylad of the D. virilis species group: D. ezoana, D. kanekoi, D. littoralis, D. borealis, D. flavomontana, D. lacicola, D. montana, and a new species (A) from British Columbia. Longevity of newly eclosed adults of each of these species on standard cornmeal medium was analyzed in order to discover intraspecific, interspecific, and sexual differences. Drosophila flavomontana Colorado males lived the longest (52 days), whereas D. borealis Minnesota males survived only 24 days. Female D. kanekoi lived almost 49 days, but females of species A died after 23 days. Strains of the other species had longevities between these extremes. This species phylad is divided into three subgroups based on cytological and biochemical characteristics. The results of the longevity study mirrored this phylogeny with two exceptions. Females lived longer than males for over one-half of the species. The results suggest that genetic similarity may contribute to adult longevity, although environmental interactions probably are also a factor.
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    Conodonts of the Estill Shale and Bisher Formation (Silurian, Southern Ohio): Biostratigraphy and Distribution
    (1987-06) Kleffner, Mark A.
    Representatives of 20 species of conodonts have been isolated from samples of the Silurian Estill Shale and Bisher Formation at four localities in southern Ohio. The Estill belongs in the amorphognathoides Zone and is late Llandoverian to early Wenlockian. The Estill-Bisher contact is an unconformity. In Adams and southern Highland counties, the Bisher belongs in the middle and upper ranuliformis Zone and is late early to possibly early middle Wenlockian; in northern Highland County the Bisher belongs in the lower ranuliformis Zone and is middle early to late early Wenlockian. The Estill was deposited in a gradually shoaling sea that regressed from Adams and Highland counties in the early Wenlockian. The sea transgressed southward across the two counties later in the early Wenlockian and deposited the Bisher in a shallow, subtidal environment.
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    Effects of Current Velocity on the Physical Structuring of Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) Communities
    (1987-06) Lamb, Mark A.; Lowe, Rex L.
    Diatom-dominated periphyton communities growing under different current velocities on precleaned rock substrates were harvested from the Maumee River, Ohio, during the winter of 1980. Analysis of the initial stages of colonization using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the communities were compositionally very similar, but that diatom cell densities were more than three times as dense in the slow current (15 cm/s) as in the fast current (40 cm/s). The diatom communities were described quantitatively in an attempt to determine how physical structuring was influenced by current velocity. Slow-current communities were shown to exhibit more vertical height development. Slow-current communities were also shown to create and develop more usable substrates for colonization within the community. Both of these aspects of physical structuring led to greater community diversity and more rapid successional development for communities in the slow current.
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    Stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Gray's Run in Northeastern Ohio
    (1987-06) Fishbeck, Dale W.
    A survey of stoneflies was conducted at Gray's Run (Mahoning County, Ohio), a small (2.9 km), high gradient stream occurring in the glaciated Appalachian Plateau. A total of 1,779 stoneflies were collected in 1984-1985 by hand net and hand-picking from rocks, vegetation, and leaf packs. Among these were 18 species, 12 genera, and six families. The stonefly community in Gray's Run appears to have been strongly influenced by stream ecology and proximity to Appalachian source streams. Malirekus bastatus (Banks), Peltoperla arcuata Needham, and Sweltsa lateralis Banks, three Appalachian species, are reported in Ohio for the first time. Over 50% of the species occurring in Gray's Run are either of Appalachian origin and/or prefer small, cool streams characteristic of that region. The flight periods of the three most common families, Chloroperlidae, Leuctridae, and Nemouridae, are outlined. Afternoon emergence and predation of Chloroperlidae by Empididae were observed.
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    A Review of Host Specificity in Tanaorhamphus longirostris (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae)
    (1987-06) Hubschman, Jerry H.
    Of 13 species of fish recorded as hosts for the acanthocephalan, Tanaorhamphus longirostris (Van Cleave 1913), only two regularly contain mature worms. These are the gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur)) and the threadfin shad (D. petenense (Giinther)). To date, only one species of intermediate host, the calanoid copepod, Diaptomus pallidus Herrick, has been reported. In Caesar Creek Lake, Ohio, where the parasite is known to exist, of 15 species of planktonic crustaceans examined, only D. pallidus contained the cystacanth of T. longirostris. Comparison of geographic distributions and ecological and behavioral factors suggests that this association (i.e. worm, shad, copepod) represents a relatively new or developing relationship that may not yet fit closely the classical requirements for strict host specificity. Feeding behavior and host gut morphology may be the combination of factors that provides for reproductive success of T, longirostris in shad.
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    A Nine-Year Study of the Lepidoptera of The Wilderness Center, Stark County, Ohio
    (1987-06) Rings, Roy W.; Ritter, Richard M.; Hawes, Robert W.; Metzler, Eric H.
    A survey of the Lepidoptera occurring at a large nature center in Stark County, Ohio was conducted from 1977 to 1985. Sampling was done using the following techniques: ultraviolet light traps, mercury vapor lamp plus ultraviolet light and collecting sheet, bait traps, sugaring, and netting. A total of 511 species and forms were identified and tabulated. Representative specimens were deposited in the collection of the Wilderness Center. Where adequately documented, the current status of each species was described.
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    Xylem Feeding by Periodical Cicada Nymphs on Pine and Grass Roots, With Novel Suggestions for Pest Control in Conifer Plantations and Orchards
    (1987-06) Lloyd, Monte; White, JoAnn
    First-instar nymphs of periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada) were introduced into a 500-cm2 plot in a relatively pure stand of loblolly pines and into an 1800-cm2 plot on a mowed grassy lawn to determine whether they could feed on pine and grass roots, respectively. Nymphs and their associated roots were excavated within a 2-year period after introduction. Serial root sections from both study sites showed clear evidence of cicada feeding. Cicada salivary sheaths terminated in metaxylem vessels of the grass roots and tracheids of the pine roots. In a pine-hemlock plantation where mature periodical cicada nymphs had emerged, a fiberglass resin cast of the emergence burrow and associated feeding cell was carefully excavated. The feeding rootlet was located and traced to a nearby white pine {Pinus strobus). These observations suggest that the newly hatched nymphs of periodical cicadas can feed on virtually any small rootlet, whether gymnosperm or angiosperm, dicot or monocot. Furthermore, if periodical cicadas become established in a pine plantation, they may be able to feed on pine roots for their entire lives. Two control measures are suggested: 1) prior to a periodical cicada emergence, broad-leaved woody species should be removed from a conifer plantation to prevent successful oviposition by invading cicadas; and 2) in the autumn following an emergence of periodical cicadas in an orchard, the grass cover immediately beneath the canopy of each tree should be killed with an herbicide to starve the young nymphs feeding on grass roots.
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    Front Matter
    (1987-06)