Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 111, Issue 2-5 (January, 2013)

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Front Matter
pp. 0
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (268.7Kb)

Classic Reprint: Scenes in Ohio During the Last Ice Age
Goldthwait, Richard Parker pp. 2-17
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Vertical Variability and Lateral Distribution of Late Wisconsinan Sediments Parallel to theAxis of the Buried Valley of Mud Brook North of Akron, Summit County, Ohio
Szabo, John P.; Huth-Pyscher, Christine G.; Kushner, Vaughn A. pp. 18-27
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (435.6Kb)

The Protective Effects of the Violacein Pigment Against UV-C Irradiation in Chromobacterium violaceum
Abboud, Andrew N.; Arment, Anthony pp. 28-32
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (217.5Kb)

Diel Larval Fish Drift in a Small Ohio Stream (Honey Creek, Seneca Co., OH)
Boehler, Christopher T.; Baker, Kenneth pp. 33-36
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (156.3Kb)

Nesting Success of Grassland and Shrub-Nesting Birds on The Wilds, an Ohio Reclaimed Surface Mine
Ingold, Danny J.; Dooley, James L. pp. 37-41
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (161.6Kb)

The Effects of Text Messaging During Dual-Task Driving Simulation on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Responses and Reaction Time
Park, Andrew; Salsbury, Joshua; Corbett, Keira; Aiello, Jennifer pp. 42-44
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (111.2Kb)

2012 Necrology Report
pp. 45-57
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (356.2Kb)

STEM Education Policy Resolution
The National Association of Academies of Science pp. 58
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (88.83Kb)

Ohio Patent Award Nomination Form
pp. 59-60
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (172.4Kb)

Back Matter
pp. 999
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (403.8Kb)

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    Front Matter
    (2013-01)
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    Classic Reprint: Scenes in Ohio During the Last Ice Age
    (2013-01) Goldthwait, Richard Parker, 1911-
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    Vertical Variability and Lateral Distribution of Late Wisconsinan Sediments Parallel to theAxis of the Buried Valley of Mud Brook North of Akron, Summit County, Ohio
    (2013-01) Szabo, John P.; Huth-Pyscher, Christine G.; Kushner, Vaughn A.
    The buried valley of Mud Brook in northern Summit County, OH, contains sediments associated with the late Wisconsinan glaciation. The vertical variability and lateral distribution of these sediments can be ascertained from information derived from logs from highway borings and water wells along a 15-km north-south transect parallel to the axis of the buried valley. Textural, carbonate, clay mineral, and lithologic analyses of samples from roadcuts, geological borings, and some highway department borings provide additional information to assign lithofacies units to specific glaciations. Cross sections show that nearly similar depositional environments existed before each late Wisconsinan glacial advance. The proglacial sediments consist of outwash and lacustrine deposits overridden by ice that deposited an overlying till. Sediments associated with the Lavery and Hiram advances overlie a Kent-aged kame plateau within the Summit County Morainic Complex at the southern end of the study area. Farther north meltwater accumulated and drowned ground moraine to form post-glacial lakes that were eventually drained as the drainage network of Mud Brook became better integrated.
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    The Protective Effects of the Violacein Pigment Against UV-C Irradiation in Chromobacterium violaceum
    (2013-01) Abboud, Andrew N.; Arment, Anthony
    Chromobacterium violaceum is a gram-negative bacteria found in tropical regions. C. violaceum has the distinct phenotypic characteristic of a deep violet pigment called violacein. Violacein has a high molar extinction in methanol, suggesting that it is protective against visible light. The purpose of this study was to establish the protective effects of violacein against UV-induced cellular damage. It was hypothesized that violacein protects DNA and proteins (e.g. catalase) from UV-C induced damage. Wild-type (WT) C. violaceum was mutagenized with N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to produce mutants with varying amounts of violacein. Mutants CV9, CV13, and CV14 (non-pigmented) produced less pigmentation than WT and retained colony morphology, while mutants H19, H20, and H21 (hyper-producers) over-expressed violacein but had an altered petite morphology. UV-induced DNA damage was assayed through sub-culture post-irradiation at 6,000μW*s-1*cm-2 at λ=253.7nm. Sub-cultures of WT and hyper-producers showed reduced viability after 48 hours; nonpigmented mutants showed no growth, suggesting violacein is protective against UV-induced DNA damage. UV-induced catalase damage was assayed pre- and post-irradiation. Catalase activity in WT and hyper-producers significantly decreased post-irradiation; catalase activities of non-pigmented mutants significantly increased post-irradiation. Increased catalase activity in non-pigmented mutants can potentially be explained by the increased induction of catalase genes in response to elevated reactive oxidative species, presumably from lack of pigmentation. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that violacein is protective against UV-induced cellular damage.
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    Diel Larval Fish Drift in a Small Ohio Stream (Honey Creek, Seneca Co., OH)
    (2013-01) Boehler, Christopher T.; Baker, Kenneth
    Knowledge of the timing, distribution, and abundance of newly hatched larval fish is helpful in developing an understanding of stream fish ecology. This study investigated the larval fish community in Honey Creek, a tributary to the Sandusky River in Seneca County, Ohio (April-August 2007; total N = 44). Castostomids were the most abundant family of fish collected in the drift, with percids, cyprinids, centrarchids, and ictalurids also present in the stream. Comparisons were made between time of day (day and night) and larval fish density, stream discharge, and turbidity (total suspended solids mg/L). Stream discharge was significantly higher during the day and no difference between day and night samples was observed for total suspended solid concentrations. However, 96.8% of larval fish (total N = 1,328) were collected during the night (22:00-7:00), thus supporting the majority of literature on diel drifting in larval fish communities. Additionally, high proportions of yolk-sac (0.40) and larvae (0.56) were collected. Because high occurrence of early developmental stages of larval fish and significantly higher night densities of larval fish regardless of stream discharge and turbidity were found, the results support the hypothesis that drifting is an active behavior.
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    Nesting Success of Grassland and Shrub-Nesting Birds on The Wilds, an Ohio Reclaimed Surface Mine
    (2013-01) Ingold, Danny J.; Dooley, James L.
    Recent studies on reclaimed surface mines show that the encroachment of woody vegetation may have an adverse effect on breeding grassland birds. During the 2008-2011 breeding seasons, nests of ground- and shrub-nesting birds were monitored on The Wilds, a reclaimed surface mine in east-central Ohio. The study’s objectives were to compare findings with those from a similar study on this site a decade earlier and to compare the nesting success of ground- versus above-ground and shrub-nesting species. The study found 291 nests from 18 bird species. Ground-nesting species had notably higher overall annual as well as Mayfield nest success rates (60% and 55% respectively) compared to the above-ground and shrub-nesting species (42% and 32% respectively). Grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), eastern meadowlarks (Sturnella magna) and bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) had the greatest reproductive success rates (both annual and Mayfield), which were comparable to those reported by Ingold in 2002 for these species. Predation rates were higher in the above-ground and shrub-nesting (44%) versus the ground and near-ground nesting species (27%). Six shrub-nesting species were not found on this site a decade ago. Although these results suggest that this site continues to provide suitable nesting habitat for obligate grassland species, the increasing encroachment of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellate) may be attracting more shrub-nesting bird species as well as mammalian predators which should be a focus in future research.
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    The Effects of Text Messaging During Dual-Task Driving Simulation on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Responses and Reaction Time
    (2013-01) Park, Andrew; Salsbury, Joshua; Corbett, Keira; Aiello, Jennifer
    Research over the past decade has shown the potentially harmful effects of distracted driving, particularly on reaction time of the driver to external stimuli. With the recent surge in frequency of the use of cell phones for text messaging in nearly all situations, including during driving, it is important to understand the impact of texting on driver reaction time and the body’s physiological response. This study attempts to replicate the effects of text messaging distractions on reaction times found in previous studies, and correlate both physiological and cognitive stress in dual-task situations as measured by changes in cardiovascular and respiratory function and reaction time. Forty subjects completed computerized reaction time tests in single-task (no texting) and dual-task (texting) conditions with heart and respiratory rates manually measured before and after each test. Results showed that text messaging significantly increased reaction time (p < 0.05, N=40), heart rate (p < 0.05, N=40), and respiratory rate (p < 0.05, N=40) in the dual-task environment. The increase in reaction time represents a decrease in mental output, which can be attributed to increase in cognitive workload and stress. This is indicative of decreases in attention and perception of stimuli. The increase in cognitive demands is supported by the increases in heart and respiratory rates, which are physiological responses to stress. While this study affirms the notion of text messaging as a possibly dangerous distraction that elicits a total body physiological stress response, more research needs to be done in natural driving settings to support its observations.
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    2012 Necrology Report
    (2013-01)
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    STEM Education Policy Resolution
    (2013-01) The National Association of Academies of Science
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    Back Matter
    (2013-01)