Buckeye East Asian Linguistics 7 (BEAL 7)

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We are pleased to deliver the seventh volume of Buckeye East Asian Linguistics. This volume includes two keynote speakers’ abstracts, one keynote speaker’s article and 14 proceeding articles from the Fifth Buckeye East Asian Linguistics Forum in 2022. The biennium BEAL Forum was previously held in October 2014, 2016, 2018, and March 2021 (due to the COVID 19 pandemic, the fourth Forum was postponed). We resumed the regular biennium schedule and held the BEALF5 on Friday, October 28, 2022, via Zoom, The Ohio State University (OSU) Columbus campus (http://u.osu.edu/beal/).

Contents

Front Matter
pp. i-v
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The Analysis of Communicative Competence in Korean Textbooks: Intercultural Competence Approach
Hana Kang p. 1
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Perspective-taking in Adult Japanese-language Learners' Oral Narratives: A Cross-linguistic Comparison
Masahiko Minami pp. 2-9
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The Acquisition of Lexical Tone in Various Contexts
Peggy Pik Ki Mok p. 10
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The Effect of Syntactically Different L2 Input on L2 Parsing Preference
Hyun Bae pp. 11-21
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Lexical Attrition of Teochew Speakers in Guangzhou
Xi Chen pp. 22-31
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Cartographic Syntax Approach on Taiwanese U 'HAVE'
Adæmrys Chihjen Cheng pp. 32-41
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Taiwanese Southern Min Tone and Melody Interaction
Paul D. Cockrum pp. 42-51
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Mapping Issues of the Acquisition of L2 Japanese Aspect Markings by Chinese Learners
Yuka Fujii pp. 52-59
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Acquisition of Japanese Relative Clauses with Resumptive Pronouns by Chinese Learners
Manami Hattori pp. 60-68
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L2 Japanese Proficiency and Working Memory Capacity
Yuki Hattori pp. 69-76
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The Acquisition of English Non-anaphoric Bridging Definite by Japanese Learners: Focusing on Lexical Sensitivity Regarding Situational Uniqueness
Minn Kim pp. 77-84
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A Count-Mass Typology for Hong Kong Sign Language
Emily Koenders pp. 85-93
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High vs. Low 'Again': Mandarin You vs. Zai and Cantonese -Faan vs. -Gwo
Yuyang Liu and Ka-Fai Yip pp. 94-104
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Effects of Prosodic Cues and Semantic Plausibility on Japanese Learners of English’s Processing of Structurally Ambiguous Utterances
Reina Mogushi pp. 105-112
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Manchu-Sibe Ideophones in Areal and Genetic Perspective
Jared Sharp, Brian Hayden and Feixiong Hasutai Liu pp. 113-121
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Orthographic Influence in Processing Katakana and Kanji Nouns in Japanese
Saori Wakita pp. 122-131
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Bushi as an Evaluative Negation in Mandarin Chinese
Yizhuo Zhang pp. 132-143
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Now showing 1 - 18 of 18
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    Front Matter (Volume 7, 2023)
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08)
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    The Analysis of Communicative Competence in Korean Textbooks: Intercultural Competence Approach
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Kang, Hana
    Language teachers utilize various resources to help students develop linguistic and Intercultural competence (ICC). However, textbooks are still the primary source for learning and teaching foreign languages. Despite the importance of textbooks in developing ICC, few studies are conducted on this topic, especially in less commonly taught languages such as Korean. This paper adopted ICC model of Deardorff (2006) and Gu and Zhao (2021) and applied three dimensions of ICC, “Attitude (attitude toward different cultures),” “Knowledge (linguistic and cultural knowledge),” and “Skill (ability to apply skills)” to examine the popular Korean textbooks in the United States. This study also includes personal interview data of Korean language learners from various backgrounds and how they understand and utilize the cultural components in the textbooks. The analysis shows that all the information in the culture sections is related to the topics of each lesson, mainly in the “Knowledge” dimension (a simple explanation of Korea and Korean culture). The interview data revealed that the culture sections in their Korean textbook are good resources for general knowledge. However, learners indicated that textbooks should have more activities based on “Skill” dimensions, such as expressing identity (race and ethnicity), choosing proper speech levels, and using correct honorific forms. This study also shares findings on the differences between Korean heritage and Korean as a foreign language learners in their understanding of Korean speech levels and honorific usage.
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    Perspective-taking in Adult Japanese-language Learners’ Oral Narratives: A Cross-linguistic Comparison
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Minami, Masahiko
    This study, which compares native Japanese speakers and L2 learners of Japanese, discusses the question of what makes narrative sound natural in the light of macro- and micro- narrative structure. The study found that native speakers of Japanese, regardless of topic, tended to use the passive voice together with multiple aspect forms at narrative high points. The use of the passive voice indicated that the speaker’s viewpoint tended to be fixed on the main characters. In contrast, L2 learners, regardless of topic, tended to use the active voice, which indicates that their viewpoint was placed on the subject of the scene. Further, L2 learners rarely used aspect forms; even if they did, they chose one form without attempting to combine them. The study discusses whether these differences are attributable to the L2 learner’s L1 transfer or to the lack of understanding of the concepts to be acquired in the L2.
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    The Acquisition of Lexical Tone in Various Contexts
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Mok, Peggy Pik Ki
    More than half of the world’s languages are tone languages, but the acquisition of lexical tone by children is much less well understood compared to the acquisition of consonants and vowels. Early studies show that children have acquired lexical tones by the age of two years, well ahead of their acquisition of segments. Some recent studies revisited tone acquisition in Mandarin and Cantonese and found that tone acquisition is more protracted than previously thought. Besides, many studies demonstrated cross-linguistic influence in bilingual acquisition of segments, but little is known about the acquisition of lexical tone in a bilingual context. Tone sandhi involves higher order, sometimes very complex, phonological alternations of lexical tone, however, children’s acquisition of complex tone sandhi remains largely unexplored. This talk will address the above interesting issues by discussing Cantonese lexical tone acquisition in monolingual and bilingual contexts, and children’s acquisition of the famous tone-sandhi circle in Xiamen Southern Min.
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    The Effect of Syntactically Different L2 Input on L2 Parsing Preference
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Bae, Hyun
    This study investigates whether L2 input affects L2 parsing preference of ambiguous relative clauses that are structurally dissimilar to L1, looking at how 23 L1 Korean L2 English and 29 L1 Mandarin L2 English speakers resolve ambiguous relative clauses in L2 through a timed comprehension test. Mandarin has the same parsing preference of ambiguous relative clause as English and is a head-mixed language unlike English whereas Korean has the opposite parsing preference to English and is a head-final language contrary to English. All the participants are advanced L2 learners and have varying L2 immersion experiences. The results show that the parsing preference of L1 Korean L2 English speakers is influenced by intensive L2 input while that of L1 Mandarin L2 English speakers is not, implying considerable impact of crosslinguistic structural differences on the effect of L2 input on L2 parsing preference.
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    Lexical Attrition of Teochew Speakers in Guangzhou
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Chen, Xi
    This paper presents the findings of research studying lexical attrition of four native Teochew speakers from different age groups (the elderly, the middle-aged, and the young) who have immigrated to Guangzhou. It provides a new perspective to observe the lexical influence of Cantonese on Teochew. An 870-word lexicon-based Teochew investigating wordlist was designed for this study to examine participants’ lexical erosion of their mother tongue Teochew. The results indicate that lexical attrition is existed in these speakers and the local dialect Cantonese promotes their language loss. With participants’ demographic and sociolinguistic background information and the results, this research suggests that factors including the length of residence and the use of language relate to speakers’ lexical attrition.
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    Cartographic Syntax Approach on Taiwanese U ‘HAVE’
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Cheng, Adæmrys Chihjen
    This study sheds light on the functional projection of Taiwanese u ‘have,’ and proposes a unified account for the syntactic function, i.e., it is argued that functional head u ‘have’ hosts the head of Intensification, as [Inten0, IntenP], denoting an intensifying interpretation according to the core spirit of cartographic syntax (Huang 1988, Rizzi 1997, 2004a, 2004b, Cinque 1999). In addition, this study argues that the diverse temporal construals result from the semantic interactions, in the sense of (Cheng 2021, Wu and Zheng 2018), rather than from its multiple syntactic features. This study also demonstrates the syntactic position of u ‘have’ when it interacts with the other functional heads, i.e., the study specifies the actual position in the fixed hierarchical structure.
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    Taiwanese Southern Min Tone and Melody Interaction
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Cockrum, Paul D.
    Music and singing are cultural universals. Languages, conversely, display different phonological traits, such as tonality in the Sinitic languages. In research of how lexical tone interacts with musical melody, previous studies (Chan 1987, Lau 2010, Schellenberg 2013, Zhang and Cross 2021) have provided some contradictory findings in the analysis in Cantonese, Mandarin, and Teochew. To date, no such study has analyzed published Taiwanese music, although Chen (2015) analyzed Taiwanese singing and perception. Through the comparison of musical pitch contours with relative tone differences of four original songs performed by three Taiwanese artists, the present project asserts that there is correlation between lexical tone and musical melody for Taiwanese songs. Furthermore, the results suggest that the portrayal of Taiwanese identity by the artist plays an important role in determining the importance of tone melody correspondence. As such, the study has important ramifications for future analysis of Taiwanese music.
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    Mapping Issues of the Acquisition of L2 Japanese Aspect Markings by Chinese Learners
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Fujii, Yuka
    This paper considers how Chinese learners of Japanese (CLJs) acquire the L2 Japanese aspect marker -teiru in resultative and progressive contexts. It also analyzes the mapping mechanism of the lexical aspect to grammatical markers, with a special focus on achievement and accomplishment verbs. Despite the numerous observations on Chinese aspects (e.g., Dai 2021, Nishizaka 2019, and Sun 2010), only few studies dealt with the issue of acquiring L2 Japanese aspects by L1 Chinese learners. By using the Elicited Acceptability Judgment Test (EAJT) and analyzing the data individually, it was demonstrated that aspect markers corresponding to -teiru are building “one-to-many” rather than “one-to-one” relationships, and CLJs are learning the relationships through mapping while making errors due to other uses.
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    Acquisition of Japanese Relative Clauses with Resumptive Pronouns by Chinese Learners
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Hattori, Manami
    This study examined the use of Japanese resumptive pronouns (RPs) by L1 Chinese learners of Japanese to determine whether learners transfer L1 structural properties of RPs to L2 Japanese grammar and whether they acquire the uses of the four different RPs in Japanese. Using a grammaticality judgment task varying: 1) Position (subject/object), 2) Clause (matrix/embedded), and 3) RP type (gap, kare/kanojo, jibun, jibun-jishin, or kare/kanojo-jishin), the study assessed 34 L2 learners with Chinese L1 and 30 Japanese native speakers. First, the L2 learners showed only matrix and embedded asymmetry for the use of RPs but not subject and object asymmetry, whereas Japanese natives showed both asymmetries. Second, the L2 learners were unable to distinguish among Japanese RPs, whereas Japanese natives could. The finding of the asymmetries observed in subjects and objects holds interesting implications for future research.
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    L2 Japanese Proficiency and Working Memory Capacity
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Hattori, Yuki
    This paper presents a newly created L2 Japanese Speaking Span Test (L2JSST) and reports preliminary results on its validity based on ten English-speaking learners of Japanese. Intermediate-high to advanced Japanese learners took two Japanese language proficiency tests, the L2JSST, and the L1 English Speaking Span Test (L1ESST). The results show that individuals with higher L1ESST scores tend to have higher L2JSST scores. Language proficiency also correlates with the L2JSST scores. Although a high accuracy rate was overserved in produced sentences from L2JSST, when prosody is considered, some prosodic errors were noticeable, such as a low success rate of producing proper downsteps, and pronunciation errors. As the prosodic difficulty in L2 Japanese was reported by Goss and Nakayama (2011), the acquisition of prosody seems challenging for speakers of intermediate to advanced Japanese.
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    The Acquisition of English Non-anaphoric Bridging Definite by Japanese Learners: Focusing on Lexical Sensitivity Regarding Situational Uniqueness
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Kim, Minn
    This study examined the acquisition of the English definite article the by Japanese learners of English. The learners’ judgments made on non-anaphoric bridging, a specific usage of the that requires semantic-pragmatic interface, is mainly observed. Two tasks were used in the study: (1) an acceptability judgment task and (2) a word ordering task that was designed specifically for this study. The relationship between word ordering based on the noun phrases’ association with the given situation and the judgments made in the acceptability judgment task was analyzed. The results suggest that the acquisition of such usage of the may be related to lexical sensitivity toward the given noun phrase in terms of the relationship with the presupposed situation.
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    A Count-Mass Typology for Hong Kong Sign Language
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Koenders, Emily
    The following paper presents some data on the count-mass distinction in Hong Kong Sign Language. With the notable exception of Koulidobrova’s (2021) research on American Sign Language, count-mass distinctions have not been studied in the context of Sign Linguistics. Based on these data, it is possible to categorise Hong Kong Sign Language as a Type I language according to Chierchia’s (2010) count-mass language typology. The data show that Hong Kong Sign Language count nouns combine directly with numerals, whereas mass nouns require the intervention of a numeral classifier of the mensural type. Hong Kong Sign Language count nouns use zero marking as pluralisation strategy.
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    High vs. Low ‘Again’: Mandarin You vs. Zai and Cantonese -Faan vs. -Gwo
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Liu, Yuyang; Yip, Ka-Fai
    This paper discusses the exceptional scopal behavior of Mandarin preverbal you ‘again’ and Cantonese postverbal -faan ‘again’ in comparison with other ‘again’-type elements in Mandarin and Cantonese, including zai and -gwo. It reveals that this exceptional scopal behavior is determined by the position of ‘again’ and the size of the embedded clause. The paper suggests that Mandarin and Cantonese ‘again’ has two positions: one associated with outer aspect above vP and one associated with inner aspect below vP. It also proposes that nonfinite clauses can be as small as vP and lack an outer aspect. It suggests that the exceptional scopal behavior is a result of the syntactic association with outer aspect across vP, which is only possible for high ‘again’.
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    Effects of Prosodic Cues and Semantic Plausibility on Japanese Learners of English’s Processing of Structurally Ambiguous Utterances
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Mogushi, Reina
    This study examined whether prosody cues and semantic plausibility can facilitate L2 ambiguous English sentence processing. Several studies have shown that prosody disambiguates syntactic structure and facilitates sentence processing in L1 (Snedeker and Trueswell 2003, Snedeker and Casserly 2010), but not in L2. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of prosody and semantic plausibility using spoken utterances with pause condition control. The results suggest that both verb bias and semantic plausibility factors are relevant to the processing of ambiguous utterances. In addition, the difference in reaction time was possibly caused by the strength of Garden pass effects depending on the change in thematic domain. Overall, this paper advocates for the necessity of including prosody and semantic effects on L2 structural ambiguity sentences.
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    Manchu-Sibe Ideophones in Areal and Genetic Perspective
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Sharp, Jared; Hayden, Brian; Liu, Feixiong Hasutai
    Ideophones have been a rich topic for cross-linguistic investigation, in both global and East Asian contexts. The present study examines the phonology and morphosyntax of ideophones in Manchu-Sibe (Tungusic, China), using both existing literature (Zakharov 1879, Möllendorf 1892, Stary 1981, Gorelova 2002) and newly elicited data from Sibe-speakers. A preliminary comparison of reduplication in Manchu-Sibe ideophones and those of five other northeast Asian languages (Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, Tuvan, Udihe) reveals that Manchu-Sibe ideophones exhibit an exceptionally broad range of reduplicative patterns. An examination of the syntax of ideophones in Manchu-Sibe finds many points of both similarity and contrast with its Tungusic relative Udihe. The most typologically-significant difference is the presence of ideophones in non-“witnessed” contexts in Manchu-Sibe, despite the total absence of Udihe ideophones in comparable environments (Tolskaya 2011). More generally, Manchu-Sibe data demonstrate the potential for fine-grained typological variation in the grammar of ideophones even among close genetic relatives and areal neighbors within a known sprachbund.
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    Orthographic Influence in Processing Katakana and Kanji Nouns in Japanese
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Wakita, Saori
    This study investigates how katakana and kanji nouns embedded in Japanese sentences are processed among native Japanese speakers by employing self-paced reading tasks. Darnell et al. (1994) found in their experiments that the orthographic type used for nouns did not affect reading times (RTs) when a noun appeared without its lexical associates in a sentence. This study extends their study to include another script, katakana, which was not tested in their study. Contrary to their findings, our experimental results revealed that RTs were faster when the target nouns were written in the more familiar script, such as katakana dominant words in katakana. Moreover, it was observed that script types did not change the RTs significantly with or without lexical associates. However, we still need a further investigation that directly compares katakana and hiragana before we can conclude that nouns in a familiar script in a sentence are always read faster.
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    Bushi as an Evaluative Negation in Mandarin Chinese
    (Ohio State University. Libraries, 2023-08) Zhang, Yizhuo
    Following the definition provided by Yoon (2011a), the current research investigates the prosodic, semantic and pragmatic features of the Chinese negator bushi. When bushi does not negate the statement made, it serves as an evaluative negation (EN) in the context. Phonetically, EN bushi is distinguished from NC bushi in terms of duration and pause, but cannot be identified by its pitch range. Semantically, bushi can create a quasi-subjunctive mood. In the non-veridical situation created, the speaker can add his or her evaluation by saying EN bushi. Pragmatically, EN bushi mitigates the speaker’s tone; while it can also intensify it on particular occasions. Moreover, the semantic property and pragmatic function of bushi noted the distinctive features of Chinese negative polar items (NPIs), and thus highlights the importance of language specifics. Hopefully, the findings may contribute to the teaching and learning of negations in Chinese.