Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 107, Issue 4 (September, 2007)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/44692

Front Matter
pp. 0
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Genetic Tagging Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer Using Hair Snares
Belant, Jerrold L.; Seamans, Thomas W.; Paetkau, David pp. 50-56
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A Study of the Mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae) of Symmes Creek and Tributaries in Jackson, Gallia and Lawrence Counties, Ohio.
Hoggarth, Michael A.; Kimberly, David A.; Van Allen, Benjamin G. pp. 57-62
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Bivalve Mollusks from the Maxville Limestone (Mississippian) in Ohio
Hoare, Richard D. pp. 63-75
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The Effects of Year-Round Irrigation on Landscape Plant Quality and Health in Ohio
Caldwell, Heath; Mancl, Karen; Quigley, Martin F. pp. 76-81
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Transparency Tube Monitoring as an Indicator of Fish Community Health
Zawiski, Bill pp. 82-83
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Small Litter Sizes and Relative Clutch Mass of Northern Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) in Southwestern Ohio
Gerald, Gary W.; Miskell, Courtney A. pp. 84-85
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Bivalve Mollusks from the Maxville Limestone (Mississippian) in Ohio
(2007-09) Hoare, Richard D.
Bivalve mollusks are a common component of the Chesterian Maxville Limestone in Ohio, although not as abundant as the brachiopods. A number of taxa were found preserved as internal molds making identification difficult. The new species Leptodesma (Leptodesma) rhysema, Limipecten lamellus, Astartella clinata, and Sanquinolites hekitoensis are among the 29 taxa now known from the formation. The shale unit near the top of the formation contains mytilaceans and abundant pectenaceans dominated by Aviculopecten winchelli Meek, 1875, the latter with inarticulate brachiopod epibionts.
Front Matter
(2007-09)
Genetic Tagging Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer Using Hair Snares
(2007-09) Belant, Jerrold L.; Seamans, Thomas W.; Paetkau, David
Use of noninvasive DNA-based tissue sampling (e.g., hair, scats) for individual identification in wildlife studies has increased markedly in recent years. Although field techniques for collecting hair samples have been developed for several species, we are unaware of their use with free-ranging ungulates. From December 2004 to August 2005 we evaluated the efficacy of barbed wire for snaring hair samples suitable for genetic analyses from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on trails and at baited sites. During initial trials on a semi-captive deer herd in northern Ohio, deer demonstrated avoidance of barbed wire positioned on game trails through four weeks but entered baited sites with barbed wire in <3 days. Field trials on free-ranging deer in Michigan using two snare configurations at baited sites checked at one-or-two-week intervals also were successful in obtaining hair samples suitable for extracting DNA. Number of hair samples appeared to increase with deer activity. Number of hair samples and amount of hair in individual samples were greater during winter and spring than during summer. Adequate genetic material was present in 98% (n = 53) of samples collected during winter. Obtaining hair samples noninvasively from white-tailed deer has numerous applications including determining natal origin, population monitoring, and density estimates. We recommend use of baited sites encircled with a single strand of 15.5 gauge, four-point, barbed wire 80 cm above ground attached to >3 trees. In treeless areas, metal or wood posts could be substituted. Hair snare height and configuration could be adapted for other ungulate species.
A Study of the Mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae) of Symmes Creek and Tributaries in Jackson, Gallia and Lawrence Counties, Ohio.
(2007-09) Hoggarth, Michael A.; Kimberly, David A.; Van Allen, Benjamin G.
Freshwater mussels (family Unionidae) are among the most threatened of Ohio's aquatic fauna. Interest in their biogeography has increased as their distribution and abundance has declined. This study was performed to assess the status of the mussels of Symmes Creek and it major tributaries in southern Ohio. Of the 24 species of mussels known to have inhabited this watershed, 16 were found alive in the system in 2004 and 2005 and two others were found as freshly dead shells. These species are thought to represent the extant mussel fauna in the system today. Of the remaining six species collected prior to the current study, three were found alive as single specimens and three were found as very old dead shells and so probably never represented viable populations in the system. During this study, four species were found that had never been reported from Symmes Creek before. These species are Simpsonaias ambigua (Ohio species of special concern), Quadrula pustulosa, Obliquaria reflexa (Ohio threatened species), and Ligumia recta (Ohio threatened species). The Ohio endangered mussel, Villosa lienosa, had been reported from the upper reaches of Symmes Creek previously and was collected alive during the current study, but in much fewer numbers than had previously been reported. The mussel community in the lower mainstem of Symmes Creek has remained healthy while the communities in the headwaters of Symmes Creek and its smaller tributaries have become severely reduced.
The Effects of Year-Round Irrigation on Landscape Plant Quality and Health in Ohio
(2007-09) Caldwell, Heath; Mancl, Karen; Quigley, Martin F.
Deep (over 165 cm), permeable, unsaturated soil is needed to treat and dispose of wastewater through septic systems. In Ohio, only 6.4% of the state's land area is suited for septic systems for wastewater treatment. Soils with shallow depth to a limiting condition, between 30 and 60 cm, represent 49% of Ohio's land area. In these areas onsite wastewater treatment systems could be followed by irrigation on the lot to disperse the treated wastewater. Several months each year in Ohio reach subfreezing temperatures, making year-round irrigation a challenge. The objective of this research was to examine the feasibility of year-round onsite irrigation and its impacts on landscape plant quality. Three 210 m2 plots were established on a site with unsaturated soils of at least 30 cm deep to a limiting condition of dense glacial till. Three irrigation regimes were applied in each area, no irrigation, irrigation from April through October, and year-round irrigation. No significant differences were shown in plant growth between the two irrigated plots. The non-irrigated plot was different from the two irrigated plots. Thirty-three percent of the plants in the non-irrigated plot died compared to no plant death in the two irrigated plots. The winterized irrigation system operated in sub-zero temperatures without freezing and caused no significant harm to the landscape plants.
Transparency Tube Monitoring as an Indicator of Fish Community Health
(2007-09) Zawiski, Bill
Transparency tubes have been shown to be useful tools for suspended solids estimation in flowing waters. Suspended solids and turbidity can impact streams in a number of ways from habitat smothering to visual impairments. Comparison of transparency tube data to the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) as measured by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency shows a strong correlation. Additional data must be gathered to determine whether this is a true relationship.
Small Litter Sizes and Relative Clutch Mass of Northern Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) in Southwestern Ohio
(2007-09) Gerald, Gary W.; Miskell, Courtney A.
Relative clutch mass (RCM), the ratio of total mass of a clutch to the postpartum body mass of the female, is considered by many a life history trait that indirectly quantifies reproductive effort in snakes. e Northern Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) is one of the most abundant and widespread species of snake within Ohio. Litter sizes of N. s. sipedon have been reported to range between four and 99 and RCM values typically fall between 0.20 and 0.38. Two gravid N. s. sipedon were hand collected from Collins Creek (Butler County, Ohio) and maintained in the laboratory until parturition. Females gave birth to three and six neonates with RCM values of 0.108 and 0.120, respectively. The extremely small litter sizes and RCM values are, by far, the lowest ever recorded for this species in Ohio and throughout their entire North American range. This local population should be investigated further to determine if and how reproductive output is being depressed at Collins Creek.
Back Matter
(2007-09)

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