Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 81, Issue 5-6 (September-November, 1981)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/22064

Front Matter
pp. 0
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Diatoms New to Ohio and the Laurentian Great Lakes
Millie, David F.; Lowe, Rex L. pp. 193-206
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Effects of Training Once vs. Twice Per Day and Improvement in Maximal Aerobic Power
Mostardi, Richard A.; Campbell, Thomas Allen pp. 207-211
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (370KB)

The Effect of a Physio-Political Barrier Upon Urban Activity Space
Mazey, Mary Ellen pp. 212-217
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Dietary Comparisons of Red-Winged Blackbirds, Brown-Headed Cowbirds, and European Starlings in North-Central Ohio
Williams, Robert E.; Jackson, William B. pp. 217-225
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Incidence of Teratological Fishes from Cedar Fork Creek, Ohio
Berra, Tim M.; Au, Ray-Jean pp. 225-229
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Pleistocene History and Molluscan Paleoecology of the Winameg Mastodon Site, Fulton County, OH
Camp, Mark J. pp. 230-235
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Brief Note: The Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on the Blood Flow Through Muscle During Isometric Exercise
Petrofsky, Jerrold Scott; John, Diane Ledonne; Rinehart, S. pp. 236-238
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Quaternary Stratigraphy of the Lower Mud Brook Basin, Northampton Township, Summit County, Ohio
Szabo, John P.; Ryan, Dale Edwards pp. 239-246
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The Use of Stream Sediments to Infer Water Quality on a Stream in Northwestern Ohio
Alther, George R. pp. 247-252
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Analysis of Curvilinear Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Emotional Adjustment
Karmos, Ann H.; Karmos, Joseph S. pp. 253-258
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Effects of Water Quality on Fish and Macroinvertebrate Communities
Wynes, David L.; Wissing, Thomas E. pp. 259-267
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Biovolume Revisited: A Relative Diversity Index for Paleological Analyses
Ausich, William I. pp. 268-274
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Factors Associated With Voter Resistance to Public Educational Expenditure
Broida, Michael S. pp. 275-280
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Brief Note: The Effect of Alpha-Chlorohydrin on the Fertility of Male Rats
Kassa, Hailu; Jackson, William B. pp. 281-284
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Table of Contents – Volume 81
pp. 285-286
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Index of Volume – 1981
pp. 287-288
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Back Matter
(1981-09)
Index of Volume – 1981
(1981-09)
Table of Contents – Volume 81
(1981-09)
Brief Note: The Effect of Alpha-Chlorohydrin on the Fertility of Male Rats
(1981-09) Kassa, Hailu; Jackson, William B.
Factors Associated With Voter Resistance to Public Educational Expenditure
(1981-09) Broida, Michael S.
A comprehensive regression and correlation analysis was performed using two samples of Ohio school districts. The purpose was to describe measurable socio/economic factors associated with varying levels of educational effort and to pinpoint policy implications for state or local decision makers. Evidence exists that larger districts are associated with lower cost per pupil and that wealth, measured in different ways, is associated with expenditure per pupil. State programs do somewhat equalize educational efforts, but they are far from achieving equality.
Biovolume Revisited: A Relative Diversity Index for Paleological Analyses
(1981-09) Ausich, William I.
A new application of the biovolume abundance index is proposed for relative diversity demography in paleoecological analyses. Use of this technique will improve confidence in data validity and solve the following inadequacies of other numerical census techniques: all groups are treated equally, samples from different lithologies can be meaningfully compared, colonial and solitary organisms are treated equally, whole and fragmentary fossils are treated equally, and time averaging effects are assumed. Biovolume is the paleontological analog of biomass, and it is a measure of the relative amount of energy expended by organisms to secrete skeletal material that has been incorporated into the rock record.
Effects of Water Quality on Fish and Macroinvertebrate Communities
(1981-09) Wynes, David L.; Wissing, Thomas E.
The fish and benthic macroinvertebrates inhabiting 6 riffles in the Little Miami River, Ohio, were studied monthly from November 1977 to October 1978. Cluster analysis of the physical-chemical characteristics of the 6 sites revealed major differences between the 4 riffles above the confluence with Beaver Creek and the 2 downstream sites. Increased nutrient levels in the 2 downstream riffles coincided with the influx of domestic sewage. Moderate increases in nutrients had little effect on the composition of the biotic communities; however, sharp increases in nutrient levels from sewage plant effluents discharged into Beaver Creek resulted in downstream changes in the species composition of fish and macroinvertebrate communities. The dominant fishes at sites 1-4 were darters (Etheostoma spp.); the stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum) was the dominant species at sites 5 and 6. Fish distribution was affected by water quality and was positively correlated with food densities. Macroinvertebrate diversity was higher in the four riffles (H'= 2.22-2.47) above Beaver Creek than in the two (H' = 1.19 and 1.24) below this point. Macroinvertebrate commuinities at sites 1-4 were dominated by Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera, and Diptera (Chironomidae), while the major forms at the two downstream sites were the Chironomidae and aquatic worms.
Analysis of Curvilinear Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Emotional Adjustment
(1981-09) Karmos, Ann H.; Karmos, Joseph S.
One component of the theoretical and empirical network for self-esteem is the relationship between self-esteem and adjustment. Empirical support exists for the position that the relationship is linear, with some studies indicating that high self-esteem corresponds to high adjustment and others indicating that the relationship is negative. Some studies have found curvilinear relationships, U-shaped or inverted-U shaped. In a study involving 202 college students, the authors found a U-shaped relationship between selfesteem and emotional adjustment. Self-esteem was measured by the Sliding Person Test of Self-Esteem (SPERT). SPERT scores in the middle self-ideal discrepancy (SID) range were found to correspond not only to lower emotional adjustment, but also to lower self-acceptance and higher anxiety than scores in the small or large SID ranges. The upward swing of the U-shaped graph of the relationship at the large self-ideal discrepany end was attributable to off-campus military students enrolled in an undergraduate degree program. These students saw themselves as emotionally and socially well-adjusted and moderately low-anxious, even though they reported a large discrepancy between real and ideal self. The authors conjectured that clearly-defined career goals might account for their acceptance of self and high emotional adjustment in spite of their perceived distance from ideal self.
The Use of Stream Sediments to Infer Water Quality on a Stream in Northwestern Ohio
(1981-09) Alther, George R.
A primary sewage treatment plant discharges its effluents into Butler Ditch, Oak Openings, Lucas County, Ohio. A marsh habitat near the discharge outlet, high turbidity, sludge covering the stream bed and pungent odor gave reason to believe that the effluent from the sewage treatment plant contaminated the ditch. Water and stream sediment samples were collected from 24 sample locations over a 2 mile stretch downstream from the discharge outlet of the sewage treatment plant and analyzed for chemical composition. At the time of sample collection, the sewage treatment plant had discharged its effluents into the ditch for a period of 2 years. The water and the —80 mesh fraction of the sediment samples were analyzed for mineral content, the chemical components, alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids, specific conductance, pH, cation exhange capacity and mineralogy of the sediments. The tests showed that there was a cutoff point 450 ft downstream from the effluent outlet, where most of the element concentrations dropped abruptly, except sedimentary iron, which increased. Heavy vegetation retarded the flow of water, resulting in a more anaerobic environment upstream. Precipitation of many ions increased downstream probably as a result of increased oxygenation of the water. The use of sediment chemistry proved advantageous to infer the long term quality of the stream water.
Quaternary Stratigraphy of the Lower Mud Brook Basin, Northampton Township, Summit County, Ohio
(1981-09) Szabo, John P.; Ryan, Dale Edwards
Three major and two minor Wisconsinan tills occur in the lower Mud Brook Basin in Northampton Township, Summit County, Ohio where deposits of two ice lobes may overlap. We distinguished these tills on the basis of stratigraphy and mineralogy. Of the major tills, the Lavery Till and the Unnamed Till occur on the uplands, and the Titusville (Mogadore) Till is in deep valleys. In general, the tills grade upward from coarsegrained, feldspar-poor, and plagiosclase-dominant older tills to fine-grained, feldspar-rich, and alkali feldspar-dominant younger tills. Dolomite is the dominant carbonate mineral in the Early Wisconsinan Titusville (Mogadore) Till. The Late Wisconainan Lavery and Hiram tills contained nearly equal amounts of calcite and dolomite. Mineralogy of these tills reflect variations in source areas and in local materials of the lobes that glaciated northern Summit County. The Titusville (Mogadore) Till and Unnamed Till were probably deposited by the Grand River Lobe, and the Lavery and Hiram (?) Tills were probably deposited by the Cuyahoga Lobe.
Brief Note: The Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on the Blood Flow Through Muscle During Isometric Exercise
(1981-09) Petrofsky, Jerrold Scott; John, Diane Ledonne; Rinehart, S.
Pleistocene History and Molluscan Paleoecology of the Winameg Mastodon Site, Fulton County, OH
(1981-09) Camp, Mark J.
The discovery of a mastodon skeleton in Fulton County, Ohio provided an opportunity to study the molluscan fauna and Late Wisconsinan history of this area. After the deposition of Lake Maumee sediments, a series of ponds developed in a beach ridge of Lake Maumee II, later to be filled in with sediments and vegetation. Eleven stratigraphic sections taken from a site in the village of Winameg exposed a lens-shaped deposit of shell marl capped by humus. Seventeen species of mollusks including four ctenobranchs, 10 aquatic pulmonates and 3 sphaeriids were recovered from the marl. During the early stages of the pond, Valvata tricarinata, Fossaria obrussa decampi, Gyraulus parvus, Helisoma anceps, and Pisidium casertanum were the dominant species. Fossaria obrussa decampi, Gyraulus parvus, Pbysella gyrina, and sphaeriids were probably the significant species in the late stages of pond succession due to the ephemeral nature of the small water body.
Incidence of Teratological Fishes from Cedar Fork Creek, Ohio
(1981-09) Berra, Tim M.; Au, Ray-Jean
A total of 18,361 specimens belonging to 34 species and 6 families was examined for external morphological anomalies. Forty-seven defective fishes (0.26%) were found. The most widespread abnormality was spinal curvature, occurring 16 times in 5 species. Deformed or missing fins were found in 10 specimens of 4 species. Two deformed mouths were recorded from 2 species, and one specimen had an incomplete operculum. There were 18 cases of pugheadedness in Pimephales notatus. The frequency of anomalies in this undisturbed community agrees well with figures in the literature for other areas. This information is intended to serve as base line data for future studies of Cedar Fork Creek.
Dietary Comparisons of Red-Winged Blackbirds, Brown-Headed Cowbirds, and European Starlings in North-Central Ohio
(1981-09) Williams, Robert E.; Jackson, William B.
Stomach contents from 99 red-winged blackbirds, 97 brown-headed cowbirds, and 69 European starlings collected along the southern edge of Lake Erie in north-central Ohio were compared using aggregate volume measurments. Agricultural products comprised 73.9%, 54.8%, and 28.1% of the redwing, cowbird, and starling diets, respectively. Corn accounted for 70.8%, 26.2%, and 3.3% of the diets, respectively. Animal material represented 7.6%, 3.4%, and 30.3% of the diets, respectively. Injurious insects comprised 13-5% of the starling diet but were relatively unimportant in the diets of redwings and cowbirds. Beneficial arthropods were relatively unimportant in all the diets.
The Effect of a Physio-Political Barrier Upon Urban Activity Space
(1981-09) Mazey, Mary Ellen
This research examines what effect a physical and political barrier, the Ohio River and the Ohio-Kentucky state boundary, have upon the urban activity space of a sample population. Activity space is defined as the geographical domain in which a specified set of activities takes place, i.e., specified social, economic, and service activities. The sample was selected from households in Newport, Kentucky, a community separated from the Central Business District of Cincinnati, Ohio by the barriers. Data was collected by questionnaire. Results analyzed graphically and by correlation coefficients showed that these barriers are highly influential upon the behavior of the sample. The influence of the barriers upon spatial behavior, however, does vary depending on the particular activity.
Effects of Training Once vs. Twice Per Day and Improvement in Maximal Aerobic Power
(1981-09) Mostardi, Richard A.; Campbell, Thomas Allen
This study was designed to determine the effects of once vs. twice daily workouts with respect to changes in maximal aerobic power (Vo^max). Thirteen varsity track men were divided into two groups for participation in interval training, once (I/day) and twice (2/day). The intensity of each workout was based primarily on maximal heart rates (max HR). After 4 weeks of training, there was no change in VO2submax within either of the groups, while submax heart rate (HR) was significantly lower for both groups. There were no differences between the groups for VO2 submax or submax HR. Vo2 max improved significantly for both groups while max HR was significantly lower for the I/day group following four weeks of training. Between group differences existed for max HR. Blood glucose (colori-metric) was significantly lower for the 2/day but not for the I/day after 4 weeks of training. The data suggest that training 2 times per day is not associated with improvements in VQ max over training one time per day.
Diatoms New to Ohio and the Laurentian Great Lakes
(1981-09) Millie, David F.; Lowe, Rex L.
Epiphytic diatoms (Bacillariophyta) were collected from three marshes along the southern shoreline of Lake Erie during the summer and fall of 1977. Geographical distributions of 24 taxa new to the state of Ohio are described, and 149 and 34 taxa are reported as new for Lake Erie and the Laurentian Great Lakes, respectively. We attribute the large number of taxa new to the lake to a lack of previous littoral diatom studies, sampling technique, and habitat diversity within the littoral zone.
Front Matter
(1981-09)

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