35th Hayes Graduate Research Forum (April, 2021)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/92285

Arts
1st place: Jenkins, Maya
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2nd place: Wayman, Bram
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3rd place: Burns, Tara
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Biological Sciences
1st place: Daily, Kylene
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2nd place: Buyanova, Marina
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3rd place: Campbell, Warren
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Business
1st place: Yavic, Zeynep
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Education & Human Ecology
1st place: Yang, Qingqing
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2nd place: Black, Arianna
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3rd place: Allsop, Yvonne
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Engineering
1st place: Stahl, Spencer
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2nd place: Kwok, Sunny
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3rd place: Tan, Zheng Hong
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FAES
1st place: Krentz, Abigail
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2nd place: Grouge, Sydney
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3rd place: Voss, Danielle
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Health Sciences
1st place: Chen, Helen
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2nd place: Yano, Max
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3rd place: Lordo, Matt
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Humanities
1st place: Neal, D'Arcee
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2nd place: Pinillos Chavez, Paloma
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3rd place: Ellison, Joy
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Math & Physical Sciences
1st place: Herbort, James
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2nd place: Neustadt, Jack
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3rd place: Phillips, Caprice
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Social & Behavioral Sciences
1st place: Madison, Annelise
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2nd place: Kolbeck, Simon
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3rd place: Lind-Combs, Holly
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Poster Division: Biological Sciences
1st place: Lane, Cemantha
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2nd place: Rich, Kelly
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3rd place: Muscat, Stephanie
Submission in process

Poster Division: Education & Human Ecology
1st place: Kraatz, Elizabeth
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2nd place: Luckey, Summer
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3rd place: Richard, Michelle
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Poster Division: Engineering
1st place: Khan, Faiz Nisar
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2nd place: Oyster, Tricia
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3rd place: Srinvasan, Sandeep
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Poster Division: FAES
1st place: Sommer, Abigail
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2nd place: Winans, Madeline
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3rd place: Mills, Molly
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Poster Division: Health Sciences
1st place: Pax, Kazune
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2nd place: Scott, Michelle
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3rd place: Scott, Kimberley
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Poster Division: Mathematical & Physical Sciences
1st place: Li, Zhiying
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2nd place: Piper, Andrew
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3rd place: Verma, Nishchhal
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Poster Division: Social & Behavioral Sciences
1st place: Kelley, Shannon
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2nd place: Hansen, Heather
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3rd place: Clarke, Erik
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Now showing 1 - 20 of 47

Teacher Influences on Equity in Collaborative Knowledge Construction
(2021-04) Kraatz, Elizabeth; Lin, Tzu-Jung
This study is set within a collaborative, discussion-based classroom intervention called Collaborative Social Reasoning. It examines teacher scaffolding moves, or strategies used to support students' learning, in relationship with student equity indicators. Equity indicators analyzed include uptake, or use of a peer's idea in a subsequent turn of talk; relational invitations, a construct derived from the data and consisting of students inviting a peer to share; and conflicts for the floor, which occurs when one student prevents another from sharing their idea and indicates lower levels of equity. Teacher scaffolding was analyzed with equity indicators at the turn-by-turn level using statistical discourse analysis and more holistically by examining the proportion of turns containing the variables of interest in repeated measures regression analysis. The results showed that teacher scaffolding was negatively or not related to all equity indicators. This means that, in this context, teacher scaffolding was associated with reduced uptake and relational invitations, but also with reductions in conflicts for the floor. The relationship with uptake was stronger and more consistent than the relationship with conflicts for the floor.
Macrophage Phenotypes in Mouse Models of Tracheal Replacement
(2021-04) Tan, Zheng Hong; Chiang, Tendy
Estimable Rhetoric: How one cross-disciplinary approach can revolutionize music performance
(2021-04) Wayman, Abraham; Bode, Robert
Hundreds of years ago, before music history became a discipline in the West, it was performers who used the books that now collect dust on library shelves. One especially cobwebbed corner of history holds explosive potential for the next generation of musicians: a practical, hands-on, cross-disciplinary method known as musical rhetoric. Musical rhetoric, the adaptation of oratory and acting techniques to music performance, is a radical departure from how most of us learned music. It is a toolkit of specific artistic choices that singers and players can make to realize the dramatic potential of a musical score, tell its story, and sway their listeners' emotions. No such tools are taught today. Emotion is addressed in music lessons and classes, to be sure, but often over-boiled to "swell to a high point and play less strictly," and rarely specifically studied at all. Graduates of such education bore thousands of listeners a year at their concerts, convincing generations that "art music" belongs to a sniffy patriarchy intent on protecting their marble treasures from the lesser-educated — code for lesser-privileged. Audiences, all audiences, deserve their music back. Musical rhetoric techniques from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries can turn this tide in the twenty-first. In the Baroque era, music was made to move listeners rather than to humble them, and musicians took their cues not from "great composers" but from the operatic stage and from the public speeches of ancient Greece and Rome. The methodology is being revived today, and authorities Baroque and modern reveal musical rhetoric's immense promise. They show, too, the easy application of research to practicality, of the library to the stage. My research has spanned readings, interviews, rehearsals, performances, and students from ages sixteen to sixty; has involved adapting exercises directly from historical sources and (more commonly) creating entirely new ones on history's model; has required me to apply tools from one performance area, such as violin bowing, to another, such as a singer's tone of voice; and, altogether, has shown me that the tools of musical rhetoric can turn ashes to fire in the hands of any moderately-skilled musician working in nearly any style. Musical rhetoric draws not only from music history but from the deeper well of the entire humanities. It requires analysis of color, shading, and gravity of specific moments in music as if in a painting, of the balance of power between phrases as if lines in a poem, and of the feeling of entire musical structures as if they were architecture. Rhetorical practice illuminates the "dramatic character," or affect, of moments in a piece of music, and endows performers with great agency to convey it, demanding only a liberal-arts insight, an actor's verve, and a certain amount of risk-taking in return. In presenting my research, I will discuss the method's fundamental concepts, demonstrate practical exercises musicians can use to retool their own craft, and survey sources for those interested in learning more. By showing musical rhetoric at work, rather than just telling its history, I hope to prove its worth by giving witness to its magic.
The search for failed supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: a new candidate and the failed SN fraction with 11 yr of data
(2021-04) Neustadt, Jack; Kochanek, Christopher; Stanek, Krzysztof
We present updated results of the Large Binocular Telescope Search for Failed Supernovae. This search monitors luminous stars in 27 nearby galaxies with a current baseline of 11 yr of data. We re-discover the failed supernova (SN) candidate N6946-BH1 as well as a new candidate, M101-OC1. M101-OC1 is a blue supergiant that rapidly disappears in optical wavelengths with no evidence for significant obscuration by warm dust. While we consider other options, a good explanation for the fading of M101-OC1 is a failed SN, but follow-up observations are needed to confirm this. Assuming only one clearly detected failed SN, we find a failed SN fraction $f = 0.16^{+0.23}_{-0.12}$ at 90 percent confidence. We also report on a collection of stars that show slow (~decade), large amplitude ($\Delta L/L > 3$) luminosity changes.
Prenatal stress leads to intrauterine immune dysfunction and offspring behavioral deficits: the role of CCL2
(2021-04) Chen, Helen; Gur, Tamar
Impact of maternal gestational exposures on development of the infant oral microbiome
(2021-04) Pax, Kazune; Kumar, Purnima
Oral Health and JUUL: A Toxic Relationship
(2021-04) Scott, Michelle; Kumar, Purnima
The Strong Field Simulator: An Attosecond Study of Electron Recollision
(2021-04) Piper, Andrew; DiMauro, Louis
When an atom or molecule is exposed to a strong alternating electric field, such as from a femtosecond pulsed laser, the electron can be tunnel ionized and subsequently driven back to the parent ion in a three-step process called electron recollision. We report on a novel attosecond study of electron recollision using sub-cycle XUV pulses to ionize noble gases dressed by an infrared field of sufficient intensity to drive recollision, this technique is dubbed the Strong Field Simulator. In this experiment, the XUV pulses serve to replace the ionization step while the infrared field still accelerates the electron and drives recollision. Isolating the ionization step from the other two, we can select the moment of ionization, and correspondingly the electron's quantum trajectory, opening new possibilities for studying electron recollision.
Immune-Epithelial Interactions Exacerbate Cell Injury During Airway Reopening Through Changes in Cell Spreading
(2021-04) Oyster, Tricia; Ghadiali, Samir
During the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bacterial/viral infections, including COVID-19, significant pulmonary edema and ARDS patients often require mechanical ventilation (MV) for survival. Unfortunately, MV is known to exacerbate lung injury due to high mechanical forces through reopening of flooded alveoli. In this study we subjected lung epithelial cells to airway reopening forces in-vitro under conditions including co-culturing with an immune cell found in the lung called macrophages. We found that macrophages cause a significant increase in cell death during airway reopening, likely due to a contact dependent mechanism. We then show that macrophages cause a decrease in epithelial cell density. We then used computational modeling to confirm that lower cell packing results in higher tangential strain on the epithelial cell membrane. We also saw that the over-expression of miR-155 decreases this macrophage exacerbated cellular injury.
ECE Teachers' Perceptions of Evidence-Based PD and Intensive Coaching
(2021-04) Luckey, Summer W.; Lang, Sarah N.
The instruction children receive from their early childcare and education (ECE) teachers through close relationships heavily impacts child learning and development, including emotional and social well-being, adaption to formal schooling, academic achievement, and overall life course trajectories (Brebner et al., 2015; Denham, 2006; Owen et al., 2008; Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). Unfortunately, the training that influences these meaningful learning interactions is lacking. Many ECE teachers are without the proper educational training or professional development (PD) needed to foster these formative learning environments. Previous research has established coaching as a key factor of PD that enhances teachers' knowledge, skill, and education level, as well as assists with putting knowledge into practice (Kraft et al., 2018; Whitebook et al., 2018). These professional partnerships are most effective when strong, supportive relationships are formed between both actors (Artman-Meeker et al., 2015). To that effect, the purpose of this study was to examine ECE teachers' perceptions of a specialized PD training that combined evidence-based online modules with intensive coaching support. Distinguishing teachers' experiences of practice-based coaching can allow for the identification of key factors that support ECE teachers' learning and influence the instruction children receive within the early care setting. This study found that teachers held positive perceptions of intensive coaching after completing an online, evidenced-based professional development training. Our results offer suggestions for future research regarding the impact of coaching on teachers' professional development and educational influence on the growth and development of children.
Preschoolers' language skills and inhibitory control: The role of classroom engagement
(2021-04) Yang, Qingqing; Purtell, Kelly M.
Preschool year is a critical time for language and inhibitory control development, however, individual differences in both domains emerge before children enter preschool and stay stable or widen in later years. However, there is little understanding of the mechanisms that sustain the effect of preschool-entry skills over time. In this study, we examined the extent to which preschool entry vocabulary and inhibitory control shaped children's classroom engagement, as well as the mediating role of classroom engagement in the links between preschool-entry and preschool-exit vocabulary and inhibitory control. The data were drawn from the Teacher Professional Development Study, a study of 895 preschoolers across 223 classrooms. We found that children's vocabulary at the school entry was associated with more positive engagement with teachers and peers. Meanwhile, higher levels of school-entry inhibitory control were associated with more task engagement and fewer conflicts with the teacher and peers, which were linked to higher subsequent levels of inhibitory control. Results are discussed in relation to exploring the critical role of children's individual-level classroom experiences in preschool as the mechanisms that explain why differences in school-entry skills matter.
Blue Color Production from Huito and Watermelon Juice and Their Potential as Naturally-Derived Blue Colorants for Food Applications
(2021-04) Grouge, Sydney; Giusti, M. Monica
With consumer demand to transition away from synthetic coloring of food, companies are seeking new sources of natural color that are comparable alternatives to FD&C Blue No.1 and No. 2 [1]. Genipa americana L., also known as "Jagua" or "Huito"[2] , is a promising source of blue color that can serve as a naturally derived alternative to synthetic blue colorants for food applications. Natural blue color is particularly of interest to companies due to its scarcity in nature, providing limited options for food colorants [3]. In addition, most natural blue sources express blue only at a basic pH (most food products are at an acidic pH), while huito can produce blue at low pHs, making it stand out from the others [4]. Huito, a fruit native to the Amazon [5], is naturally colorless, but can turn blue when exposed to oxygen or amino acids [2]. It contains genipin, a color-producing iridoid, that can bind with primary amine groups on amino acids to produce colored monomers, dimers, or polymers [2]. Depending on the source of the primary-amine group, different colors can be expressed [6]. Watermelon juice – rich in amino acids [7] - has been shown to express a particularly favorable and stable blue color when combined with huito through its synthesis of iridoid blue based pigments [6]. Although promising, there has been limited research conducted on huito's coloring capabilities for food applications [4]. The objectives of this study were to investigate the conditions that impact the blue color expressed from interacting huito fruit powder with watermelon juice, as well as to determine which amino acids, or combination of amino acids, in watermelon juice are most ideal for the blue color reaction. Specifically, ratio of huito to watermelon juice, incubation time, and pH were investigated to determine their impact on blue color development. Dehydrated jagua powder was mixed with watermelon juice and distilled water at specific chosen ratios (1:5-1:40 huito:watermelon, pH ~ 5), and changes were monitored over 60hr in the dark at 25℃. Incubation at moderate temperature is recommended to induce blue color formation through the binding of genipin with the primary amine groups on the amino acids [8]. After incubation of each sample, absorbance was determined using a spectrophotometer, and converted to CIE values L* (lightness), a* (red/green), b* (blue (-)/yellow (+)), Cab* (chroma), hab (hue). ANOVA and TukeyHSD were conducted using RStudio. Additionally, watermelon juice was analyzed for its amino acid composition, and pure amino acids were individually mixed with huito and analyzed using spectrophotometry for absorbance and color after incubation. Blue color developed in all treatments and was stable at pHs 2-7. Ratios 1:10-1:20 H:WMJ had the highest absorbances at the λmax (594nm) with no statistical differences. Overall, ratios 1:10-1:20 developed the darkest, bluest colors that were the "best" ratios of the ratios tested. As incubation time increased, absorbance increased, expressing darker and more vivid blue color. Absorbance at the λmax (594nm) increased significantly until 36hr incubation, where absorbance increase significantly slowed with time beyond 36hr, peaking at 60hr. Glutamine and citrulline strongly contributed to the blue color produced from huito and watermelon juice. These results suggest that ratio of huito to watermelon juice and time of incubation impacts absorbance at the lambda max and the vividness of the blue color produced, while pH does not. Vivid, blue colors at acidic pHs were produced from huito and watermelon juices in a relatively short time period. Understanding how these conditions impact the blue color produced from huito and watermelon, as well as understanding which amino acids in particular are the most favorable for the reaction, will allow for a better understanding of its potential food applications. Utilizing the ideal conditions for blue color formation with huito and watermelon can help shape the color to a similar hue, lightness, and blueness as FD&C Blue No. 1 or Blue No. 2.
Using the PODCI to Measure Motor Function and Parent Expectations in Children with CP
(2021-04) Scott, Kimberley; Heathcock, Jill
Detecting Biosignatures in the Atmospheres of Gas Dwarfs Planets with the James Webb Space Telescope
(2021-04) Phillips, Caprice; Wang, Ji
No planet in the Solar System exists that is analogous to super-Earths and mini-Neptunes, a class of exoplanets with radii between those of Earth and Neptune. Because of stronger surface gravity than Earth, the new class of exoplanet can retain a sizable hydrogen-dominated atmosphere. We call these planets gas dwarf planets, in contrast to gas giant planets. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will offer unprecedented insight into the atmospheric composition of potentially habitable gas dwarf planets through transmission and emission spectroscopy, whose reducing atmospheres have entirely different chemistry from an inhabited Earth-like planet with an oxidizing atmosphere. We investigate the detectability of NH3 (ammonia, a potential biosignature) in the atmospheres of seven potentially habitable gas dwarf planets using various JWST instruments (NIRISS, NIRSpec, and MIRI). We use open-source package petitRadTRANS and PandExo to model planet atmospheres and simulate JWST observations. We consider different scenarios by varying cloud conditions, mean molecular weights (MMWs), and NH3 mixing ratios, and define a metric to quantify detection significance and provide a ranked list for JWST observations in search of biosignature in gas dwarf planets. Generally, it is challenging to search for the 10 micron NH3 with MIRI given a noise floor of 100 ppm for emission spectroscopy. NIRISS and NIRSpec are feasible under optimal conditions such as a clear sky and low MMWs for a number of gas dwarf planets. We provide examples of retrieval analyses to further support the detection and non-detection cases. The study shows that searching for biosignature is now feasible with a reasonable investment of JWST time (~10 orbits) if we consider gas dwarf planets as potential places to harbor life.
Teacher Influence on Student Learning-efficacy and Self-efficacy in Health Class: A Focus on HIV/Pregnancy Prevention
(2021-04) Allsop, Yvonne; Anderman, Eric
ALS-associated KIF5A mutation causes delayed and decreased recovery following sciatic nerve crush.
(2021-04) Rich, Kelly; Kolb, Stephen
Phospho-ablation of cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 mitigates susceptibility to atrial fibrillation and improves glucose homeostasis under conditions of diet-induced obesity
(2021-04) Lane, Cemantha; Hund, Thomas
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, with growing evidence identifying obesity as an important risk factor for the development of AF. Although defective atrial myocyte excitability due to stress-induced remodeling of ion channels is commonly observed in the setting of AF, little is known about the mechanistic link between obesity and AF. Recent studies have identified increased cardiac late sodium current (INa,L) downstream of calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activation as an important driver of AF susceptibility. Methods: Here, we investigated a possible role for CaMKII-dependent INa,L in obesity-induced AF using wild-type (WT) and whole-body knock-in mice that ablates phosphorylation of the Nav1.5 sodium channel and prevents augmentation of the late sodium current (S571A; SA mice). Results: A high-fat diet (HFD) increased susceptibility to arrhythmias in WT mice, while SA mice were protected from this effect. Unexpectedly, SA mice had improved glucose homeostasis and decreased body weight compared to WT mice. However, SA mice also had reduced food consumption compared to WT mice. Controlling for food consumption through pair feeding of WT and SA mice abrogated differences in weight gain and AF inducibility, but not atrial fibrosis, premature atrial contractions or metabolic capacity. Conclusions: These data demonstrate a novel role for CaMKII-dependent regulation of Nav1.5 in mediating susceptibility to arrhythmias and whole-body metabolism under conditions of diet induced obesity.
Where are the edges of your flesh and who determines them? Prosthetic, Immersive, and Embodied Performance
(2021-04) Burns, Tara Lee; Zuniga-Shaw, Norah
The purpose of this work emerged from a desire to understand and create a relationship between choreography and the Virtual Reality (VR) painting program, Tilt Brush. When performing with a VR headset and controllers, the body and machine blend into cyborg, a body prosthetic. However, through the eyes of the wearer, paint flows from their fingertips like a 3D sci-fi movie. The performer is immersed in a world the audience does not see. This quandary is at the heart of my investigations bridging dance performance and VR. What are the implications for performing in a medium that is meant for the single user? My research methodologies live inside an iterative process and include phenomenological reflection, roles and tasks, choreographic and improvisational structures, and autoethnographic making methods. This paper aims to highlight the creation of an embodied practice with and inside technology and the benefits of partnering with VR and computing systems when in performance to create unimagined results. The collaboration required when live performance partners with VR not only highlights the role augmented or othered bodies play in shaping our perceptions but is a rich environment of embodiment and identity.
The Influence of Human-Animal Interactions on the Anxiety, Affect, and Heart Rate of Undergraduate Students
(2021-04) Kelley, Shannon; Cole, Kimberly
Implementing Service Design Methods Towards Ideal Journeys in Student Mental Health
(2021-04) Jenkins, Maya; Palazzi, Maria
While mental health resources and treatment for college students are at their most plentiful, barriers persist that create inaccessibility to mental health treatment, including long wait times for treatment and a long-standing social stigma against mental health challenges. While treatment has proven to be very effective, a vast majority of students with a mental illness do not seek help and there is little to no data about the experience towards the appropriate treatment. Moreover, there is perceived little input from people who are routinely placed in the position of a patient rather than as experts of their experiences. Inquiry into these experiences seek to address the gap between the services formed by facilitators of student mental healthcare and the realities of the live experiences of the students in any relation to those services. The research intent was to enact a service design methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of the current student experience in seeking help for mental health challenges and inform how design for services can improve and further facilitate these experiences. Service design is used to help organizations develop a holistic view of their services from the perspective of the customer and create more efficient and desirable services by centering the goals of the users. This methodology aimed to employ the ideas of Ohio State college students who have lived experiences interacting with mental health services and resources to inform the development and design of a more ideal help-seeking experience. Resulting design artifacts illustrate the opportunities, informed by student responses, for further development of services and recommendations for ensuring more successful experiences interacting with campus mental health services.

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