2004-05 Mershon Center Speakers and Conferences
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Item Distributive Politics and Social Protection in the 21st Century(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-10-29) Rudra, Nita; Nooruddin, Irfan; Simmons, Joel; Kaufman, Robert; Scanlon, T. M.; Cook, Linda; Wilson, Sarah; Haggard, Stephan; Brooks, Sarah; Béland, Daniel; van Wijnbergen, Christina; Weyland, Kurt; Kurtz, MarcusDramatic economic and demographic transitions have prompted societies around the world to renegotiate the social bargains underpinning national social protection systems. In the process, social welfare reforms have laid bare deep fault lines of distributive conflict, cleaving societies across generations, income levels, and risk groups. Although considerable scholarly attention has been paid to the distinctive contours of these reforms, much of this inquiry remains bound within regional or national lines. As a step toward bridging these empirical and theoretical gaps, this workshop will bring together scholars engaged in research on social protection and distributive conflict in diverse regions of the world, from Latin America to Europe and Asia. Questions addressed in the workshop will include efforts to understand the longer-term implications of social welfare transformations, while asking what changes in social welfare spending, structure and function will imply for longer-term distributions of political and economic resources, risk and life chances. Lastly, participants in the workshop will ask how the shift of risks from collective social insurance programs to individuals affect social cohesion, and democratic stability.Item The Pathology of War Plans: The Lessons of 1914(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2005-03-05) Hamilton, Richard; Herwig, Holger; Foerster, Stig; Gooch, John; Kronenbitter, Guenther; Menning, Bruce; Neilson, Keith; Porch, DouglasThe major European powers, Austria-Hungary , Britain , France , Germany , Italy , and Russia , developed war plans in the years prior to the August 1914 outbreak. These plans, all of them, proved to be seriously flawed. Six experts will present their analyses of the planning processes and the pathologies involved.Item America in East Asia: Symposium on American Cultural Influences in China, Japan, and Korea(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2005-02-05) Yu, George; Tsutsui, William; Cumings, BruceItem Cultural Circulations: The Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2005-01-28) Shuman, Amy; Anagnostu, Georgios; Gottlieb, Esther; Horowitz, Amy; Noyes, Dorothy; Wyszomirski, MargaretItem Bridging the Gap Between Social Science and Leadership Studies(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-12-03) Kubicek, BrettBrett Kubicek (PhD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) is a Post-Doctoral Fellow in Political Science whose inter-disciplinary research draws on a wide variety of sub-fields, including comparative politics, leadership studies, empirical political theory, political psychology and qualitative methods. His dissertation, Political Creativity, examined ways in which individuals achieve large-scale political change, with a special focus on how they approach long-term projects that go against prevailing conditions and conventional ideas. Kubicek’s work designs tools that analyze both the nature and interaction of social forces and individual traits. He uses projects for change as a basis for building these analytical tools, which are designed to be applicable to diverse historical, geographic, and political settings, as well as to a range of empirical phenomena beyond political creativity. During his year at the Mershon Center, Kubicek will apply these theoretical and analytical tools to case studies, especially those which restructure inter-group relations where there exists potential for conflict, including examples from Poland, Italy, Britain, China, and Iran.Item Taxability, Protection, and the State(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-11-19) Gehlbach, ScottThe state,writes Douglass North, trades a group of services, which we shall call protection and justice, for revenue. This paper explores the possibility that an efficient trade may not be possible, while providing an explanation for variation in the degree to which such protection is provided. At issue is the fact that the revenues which in principle could justify the ex ante provision of protection are typically collected ex post. Protection having been provided, firms may therefore have an incentive to hide revenues from the state, while differing in their ability to do so. Thus, the state will typically favor economic activity which is more taxable,a proposition supported by data from a survey of firms in 25 postcommunist countries. Perhaps surprisingly, such discrimination may exist even when a state with commitment power can deter revenue hiding by promising to leave firms with a share of their unhidden production.Item International Networks, 1816-2001: Theory and Applications(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-11-15) Moaz, ZeevItem The Middle East(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-11-15) Payind, Alam; Herrmann, Richard; Mills, Margaret; Quigley, JohnItem Unanswered Threats: Political Constraints on the Balance of Power(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-11-09) Schweller, RandyRandall L. Schweller (Ph.D., Columbia, 1993), associate professor in the Department of Political Science at The Ohio State University. Schweller’s research focuses on theories of world politics, international security, and strategic studies. He is the author of Deadly Imbalances: Tripolarity and Hitler’s Strategy of World Conquest (Columbia University Press, 1998), as well as many articles in journals such as World Politics, International Studies Quarterly, International Security, American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, Review of International Studies, and Security Studies. He is currently a member of the editorial board of the journal International Security (Belfer Center of Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University). In 1993, he received a John M. Olin Post-Doctoral Fellowship in National Security at the Center for International Affairs, Harvard University.Item Monitoring Political Events in the Middle East using Automated Coding of News Reports(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-11-05) Schrodt, Philip; Gerner, DeborahPhilip A. Schrodt (Ph.D., Indiana University) is Professor of Political Science at the University of Kansas. He previously taught at Northwestern University, where he helped develop Northwestern’s programs on Mathematical Methods in the Social Sciences and the multidisciplinary program in international studies, at the Naval Postgraduate School, the American University in Cairo, the University of California at Davis, Bir Zeit University in the West Bank, and spent a year at the University of Lancaster (England) on a NATO Postdoctoral fellowship. Schrodt’s major areas of research are formal models of political behavior, with an emphasis on international politics, and political methodology. His current research focuses on predicting political change using statistical and pattern recognition methods. He teaches a variety of courses in international relations, with an emphasis on international conflict, and U.S. defense policy. Schrodt has published more than 75 articles in political science, and his Kansas Event Data System computer program won the “Outstanding Computer Software Award” from the American Political Science Association in 1995. Deborah “Misty” Gerner (Ph.D., Northwestern University) is Professor of Political Science at the University of Kansas. She conducts research in the field of International Relations and Foreign Policy, with a special emphasis on the politics of the Middle East. She has authored numerous books, including Understanding the Contemporary Middle East and One Land, Two Peoples: The Conflict over Palestine. Her work has appeared in numerous prestigious journals, including the Journal of Conflict Resolution, International Studies Quarterly, and the American Journal of Political Science. Her work on conflict has earned her many accolades and awards, including the Tom and Ann Moore Peace and Justice Award from the Lawrence Coalition for Peace and Justice. She has also won numerous teaching awards. Prior to coming to the University of Kansas, Gerner taught at the University of Iowa and Hamilton College.Item Global Citizenship and International Law(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-11-04) Lowe, VaughanThe paper considers whether concepts of citizenship can be translated from the national to the international plane, and argues that the moral positions of individuals, governments, and States are different. It considers the role of law in relation to citizenship, arguing that the law imposes some duties upon citizens, allows some freedom for moral choice and moral initiative, and provides a conceptual framework that supports some but not all patterns of moral responsibility. It then explains the extent to which international law imposes duties upon individuals, governments and States. Finally, it considers the extent to which the current structure of international law is capable of supporting a development of the idea of moral responsibility on the international plane.Item When Does Equality Matter?(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-10-29) Scanlon, T. M.T.M. Scanlon is Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity at Harvard University. He has written widely on moral theory and is author of numerous books, including The Difficulty of Tolerance: Essays in Political Philosophy, What We Owe to Each Other, and A Theory of Justice. He has also published numerous book chapters and journal articles that have appeared in such publications as Ethics, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, and the Journal of Philosophy.Item Security after September 11: Are We Safer Now?(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-10-26) Mueller, John; Schweller, Randy; O’Connell, Mary Ellen; Stewart, Todd; Herrmann, RichardItem American Culture and Anti-Americanism in Latin America(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-10-22) Fein, Seth; Yudice, GeorgeSeth Fein is Assistant Professor of Historyat Yale. Among his publications are “Myths of Cultural Imperialism and Nationalism in Golden Age Mexican Cinema,” in Gilbert M. Joseph, ed., Fragments of a Golden Age: The Politics of Culture in Mexico, 1940-2000 (Duke University Press, 2001) and “Transcultured Anticommunism: Cold War Hollywood in Postwar Mexico,” in Chon A. Noriega, ed., Visible Nations: Latin American Cinema and Video (University of Minnesota Press, 2000). He is completing a book, Transnational Projections: The United States in the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema, that explores international culture, communication, and political economy between these neighboring states from c.1930 to 1960. In 2000-2001 he held an American Council of Learned Societies/ Social Science Research Council/National Endowment for the Humanities International and Area Studies Postdoctoral Fellowship for research on a second book about Latin American television, US Information Agency propaganda, and the Alliance for Progress in the 1960s. George Yudice is Director of the Privatization of Culture Project for Research on Cultural Policy at New York University. He is also Director of the Inter-American Cultural Studies Network, whose purpose is to engage scholars, intellectuals, activists and artists in North-South dialogue on the role of cultural work in furthering citizen participation in aesthetic, political, social, and economic matters. His research interests include cultural policy globalization and transnational processes, the organization of civil society, the role of intellectuals, artists, and activists in national and transnational institutions. He is author of We Are Not the World: Identity and Representation in an Age of Global Restructuring (forthcoming). He is also co-editor (with Jean Franco and Juan Flores) of On Edge: The Crisis of Contemporary Latin American Culture (1992) and co-editor of the “Cultural Studies in the Americas” book series with the University of Minnesota Press. For the past five years he has been conducting research on systems of support for art and culture in the US, in several Latin American countries and in international institutions. He is a member of the Social Text collective, and an advisory editor for Cultural Studies and Topia.Item Responsibility and Global Labor Justice(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-10-21) Young, Iris MarionIris Marion Young is Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. She is affiliated with the Gender Studies Center and the Human Rights program. Her research interests are in contemporary political theory, feminist social theory, and normative analysis of public policy. Her books include Justice and the Politics of Difference (Princeton University Press, 1990), Throwing Like a Girl and Other Essays in Feminist Philosophy and Social Theory (Indiana University Press, 1990), Intersecting Voices: Dilemmas of Gender, Political Philosophy, and Policy (Princeton University Press, 1997), and Inclusion and Democracy (Oxford University Press, 2000). Her writings have been translated into several languages, including German, Italian, Spanish, and Swedish. She has lectured widely in North America, Europe, Australia and South Africa. Young’s teaching interests range broadly, including contemporary theories of justice; democracy and difference; feminist political theory; continental political theory including Foucault and Habermas; ethics and international affairs; gender, race and public policy. Young holds a Ph.D. in philosophy from the Pennsylvania State University, 1974. Before coming to the University of Chicago she taught political theory for nine years in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, and before then taught philosophy at several institutions, including the Worcester Polytechnic Institute and Miami University. During the summer term of 1995 Young was a Visiting Professor of Philosophy at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany. Young has held a visiting fellowships at several universities and institutes around the world, including Princeton University, the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna, Australian National University, and the Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa.Item The Odd Couple: Leaders in Italian and Japanese History(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-10-19) Samuels, RichardAn excerpt from Richard J. Samuels, Machiavelli’s Children: Leaders and their Legacies in Italy and Japan, Cornell University Press 2003, p. 2: In this book, I conceive of leaders as political actors who have a greater range of assets than others in the community for “stretching” the constraints of geography and natural resources, institutional legacies and international location. This book uses dozens of episodes from Italian and Japanese history to show what difference individuals can make…. Here we can show how even under the same constraints, different leaders can choose—and choose differently. Some use history, or invent a usable history. Others create alliances where none ought to have existed or were even perceived as possible. Some find new, more effective ways to compel or deter rivals. We shall learn that choices can be constructed from a range of often-contradictory possibilities—each legitimate in its own context, but none predetermined. We shall see how individual agents use and even perturb the inertia of great forces. We shall examine how individuals often nudge political trajectories in new and unexpected directions. Some read from the scripts they are given, others write their own, and still others ad lib. In short, we will take choice and creativity seriously in our account of change. And in so doing, we will revalidate notions of individual responsibility and accountability—a normative lesson of transcendent importance for the continued health of the body politic. Machiavelli’s Children won the Jervis-Schroeder Prize given by the American Political Science Association.Item Israeli and Palestinians: Prospects for Peace and Security(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-10-14) Galnoor, ItzhakItzhak Galnoor is the Herbert Samuel Professor of Political Science at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Professor Galnoor has served on the Executive Committee of the International Political Science Association. He wrote The Partition of Palestine: Decision Crossroads in the Zionist Movement and edited Advances in Political Science, published by Cambridge University Press and part of the IPSA book series. He has been a Visiting Professor at McGill University, (Canada), Nanzan University, (Japan), University of Arhus, (Denmark), Oxford University, (UK) and University of California (Berkeley, USA). From 1994-96, he served as Head of the Civil Service Commission. Professor Galnoor has served on Israel Science Foundation’s Executive Committee since 2001 and on the Governing Board of Hebrew University of Jerusalem since 2003. Professor Galnoor received a Ph.D from Syracuse University in 1969.Item Has the New Millennium Repealed the Old Economic Laws?(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-10-07) Stiglitz, JosephJoseph Stiglitz won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics (with George Akerlof and A. Michael Spence) for their work on the impact of asymmetrical information of market systems. Stiglitz has authored numerous books, including his most recent, The Roaring Nineties and Towards a New Paradigm in Monetary Economics. Other works include Globalization and Its Discontents, Peasants versus City Dwellers: Taxation and the Burden of Economic Development, and New Ideas About Old Age Security; Toward Sustainable Pension Systems in the 21st Century. Stiglitz is currently Professor of Economics and Finance at the Columbia University Graduate School of Business. He was previously on the faculties of Stanford, Princeton, Yale, and MIT. He also has been Senior Vice President and Chief Economist for the World Bank, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors, and an Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Institute for Policy Reform.Item Could Humphrey Have Gone to China? Measuring the Electoral Costs and Benefits of Making Peace(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-10-05) Schultz, KennethTheoretical arguments for why “it takes a Nixon to go to China” emphasize either the superior credibility that hawks have in advocating peace or the superior political benefits they enjoy in doing so. This paper looks for evidence of these effects in the canonical case: that of U.S. rapprochement with China in the early 1970s. I use counterfactual simulations on data from the 1968 National Election Study to explore the political effects of a proposal to open relations with China, focusing on whether and how those effects would depend on who made the proposal: Richard Nixon or Hubert Humphrey. I find evidence of both the credibility and electoral security effects hypothesized in the theoretical literature. In particular, there is a very dramatic asymmetry in the political costs and benefits of proposing peace: while such a proposal would have been electorally costly for Humphrey, it could have been an electoral boon for Nixon.Item Afghanistan in August(Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 2004-09-29) Mills, MargaretMargaret Mills (Ph.D., Harvard), Professor of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures, recently returned from a research trip to Afghanistan. In her talk, she will describe her experiences there during the month of August and compare them to her previous trips: she has been studying that country since 1974 and witnessed its many historical and cultural changes. Mills came to OSU in 1998 from the University of Pennsylvania, where she was Chair of the Department of Folkore and Folklife. She is widely regarded as a leading specialist in the popular culture of the Persian and Farsi-speaking world. Her book, Rhetorics and Politics in Afghan Traditional Storytelling, won the 1993 Chicago Folklore Prize for best academic work in folklore.She is the author or co-editor of four additional books, with two others in preparation, as well as numerous other publications.