Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 89, Issue 1 (March, 1989)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/22101

Front Matter
pp. 0
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Lack of Toluene-Induced Dominant Lethals in Rats
Washington, Willie J.; Wilson, Angela; Lyons, Cheryl; Dennie, Deidre; Schooler, Shawn; Parham, Scott; Baxter, Lori; Shanklin, Constance; Carmen, Herron pp. 2-4
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Chironomid Midges as Indicators of Organic Pollution in the Scioto River Basin, Ohio
Rae, John G. pp. 5-9
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Effect of Level of Glucam Synthesis and Lactic Acid Formation on Caries Development in Golden Syrian Hamsters
Beiraghi, S.; Rosen, S.; Sanders, B.; Beck, F. M. pp. 9-11
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Distribution of a Wound Epithelium Antigen in Embryonic Tissues of Newts and Salamanders
Tassava, Roy A.; Acton, Robert D. pp. 12-15
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Evidence for an Early Delta of the Detroit River in Western Lake Erie
Herdendorf, Charles E.; Bailey, Martin L. pp. 16-22
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Tree Trunk Arthropod Faunas as Food Resources for Birds
Peterson, A. Townsend; Osborne, David R.; Taylor, Douglas H. pp. 23-25
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Impact of Census Error Adjustments of State Population Projections: The Case of Ohio
Swanson, David A.; Vaidya, Kanhaiya; Yehya, Riad; Bennett, Barry; Prevost, Ron pp. 26-32
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Brief Note: Recent Collections and Food Items of River Darters, Percina shumardi (Percidae), in the Markland Dam Pool of the Ohio River
Sanders, Randall E.; Yoder, Chris O. pp. 33-35
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List of Reviewers of Papers for the Ohio Journal of Science During 1988
pp. 36-36
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Back Matter
(1989-03)
List of Reviewers of Papers for the Ohio Journal of Science During 1988
(1989-03)
Brief Note: Recent Collections and Food Items of River Darters, Percina shumardi (Percidae), in the Markland Dam Pool of the Ohio River
(1989-03) Sanders, Randall E.; Yoder, Chris O.
A 1986 electrofishing survey in the Ohio River found 13 river darters (Percina shumardi) distributed over 31.8 km of shoreline in Hamilton County, Ohio during late September. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) increased markedly during dusk and night sampling and showed a movement of river darters to shallower shoreline waters after sunset. Results indicate that P. shumardi was more abundant during 1986 than previously reported and that dusk and night sampling during late September is a productive time for estimating the relative abundance of this species. Food items examined revealed almost exclusively a diet of midge larvae.
Impact of Census Error Adjustments of State Population Projections: The Case of Ohio
(1989-03) Swanson, David A.; Vaidya, Kanhaiya; Yehya, Riad; Bennett, Barry; Prevost, Ron
Census enumeration errors affect local, state and national level population projections. It has long been a practice to produce projections that reflect adjustments for net census undercount errors. Unfortunately, the Ohio Data Users Center (ODUC), like other state demographic centers, has had little knowledge of the effect of adjustments because undercount adjustment factors for 1980 had not been officially released by the Bureau of the Census as of 1987. We have obtained information on 1980 undercount factors and used them to develop an adjusted projection for Ohio. Thus, we examine the effect of using 1980 national undercount adjustment factors in preparing Ohio population projections by comparing projections based on 1980 undercount adjustment factors to projections based on no adjustment. We also examine the effect of using 1970 national undercount adjustments by comparing the projections based on these adjustments to projections based on no adjustment. The findings suggest that decisions concerning adjustment factors have varying effects on short-term, long-term, and strategic forecasting. These effects are particularly salient for selected age-groups and the impact on state government budget decisions typically associated with these age-groups. We recommend that the effects of alternative adjustment possibilities be examined by state demographic centers and budget offices.
Tree Trunk Arthropod Faunas as Food Resources for Birds
(1989-03) Peterson, A. Townsend; Osborne, David R.; Taylor, Douglas H.
The composition, abundance, and relationship to trunk-surface characteristics of the tree-trunk surface arthropod fauna were studied from August, 1984 to January, 1985 in a beech-maple forest in southwestern Ohio. Samples of trunk-surface arthropods were taken monthly from American beech and sugar maple trees. Although resource levels on the two tree species did not differ significantly, arthropod resource levels were dynamic, changing monthly in magnitude and composition. Live arthropods became progressively less abundant as winter approached; non-living/dormant items did not. Results suggest that trunk surface characteristics offer foraging birds few reliable clues about arthropod resource levels.
Evidence for an Early Delta of the Detroit River in Western Lake Erie
(1989-03) Herdendorf, Charles E.; Bailey, Martin L.
Test borings in the western basin of Lake Erie have revealed an extensive sub-bottom deposit of sand in a triangular region bounded by Stony Point on the mainland shore of Michigan, Middle Sister Island in Ontario, and West Sister Island in Ohio. The 550 km2 deposit is overlain by up to 7 m of more recent lacustrine silts and clays. The sand beds have an average thickness of 2.3 m, yielding a total volume of approximately 1.3 X 109 m3 of sand. A preliminary interpretation is that when the ancestral Detroit River first flowed into Early Lake Erie about 4-5,000 years B. P. deltaic sediments were deposited in the northern portion of the western basin. The material of these beds is primarily a clean, medium- to fine-grained, moderately well-sorted sand that appears to have commercial extraction quality.
Distribution of a Wound Epithelium Antigen in Embryonic Tissues of Newts and Salamanders
(1989-03) Tassava, Roy A.; Acton, Robert D.
Monoclonal antibody WE3 (mAb WE3) reacts to the majority of cells of the wound epithelium during limb regeneration, but to only a small minority of cells of skin epidermis. Since both the apical ectoderm of the limb bud and the wound epithelium of regenerating limbs are important to limb outgrowth, it was of interest to determine whether the WE3 antigen was shared by these two developmentally important tissues. To help determine the significance of WE3 reactive cells in the wound epithelium and other tissues of the adult, we investigated whether mAb WE 3 reacted to non-limb tissue in embryos of newts (Notophthalmus) and Ambystoma. Ab tests were performed at various stages of development; reactivity of mAb WE3 was similar in embryos of three species. Ectoderm cells of the limb bud did not react to WE3, but occasional reactivity was observed in gland-like structures in the anterior body ectoderm. Reactivity appeared in the early developing pronephros, foregut, heart, dorsal aorta, and notochord, beginning at late tail-bud stages. These results show that some cell types exhibit WE3 reactivity in both the adult and embryo. Other cell types which react to WE3 in the adult are not reactive during embryonic stages.
Effect of Level of Glucam Synthesis and Lactic Acid Formation on Caries Development in Golden Syrian Hamsters
(1989-03) Beiraghi, S.; Rosen, S.; Sanders, B.; Beck, F. M.
The objective of this study was to determine if strains of Streptococcus mutatis differing in ability to synthesize glucan and form lactic acid could induce different levels of caries in hamsters. To depress the indigenous microflora, penicillin was given in the drinking water and tetracycline was incorporated into the diet. After five days, the hamsters were distributed among five groups and placed into flexible plastic isolators. Isolators were used to decrease the chances for cross-contamination. Four of the five groups were infected daily for 14 days with the following strains of S. mutatis: OMZ-175, FORD, 107B and TEA. The fifth group served as an uninfected control. Animals were killed after seven weeks and caries was scored. Significant correlations of caries scores were obtained with levels of acid production but not with insoluble glucan production.
Chironomid Midges as Indicators of Organic Pollution in the Scioto River Basin, Ohio
(1989-03) Rae, John G.
Faunal and water chemistry data were derived from an extensive survey of streams in the Scioto River basin, Ohio and analyzed to determine biotic indicators of water quality. The data for 11 water chemistry characteristics were simplified by means of factor analysis, which generated three new axes (alkalinity-hardness, enrichment (sewage), agricultural runoff) that explained 71.5% of the total variance. The distributions of 14 common larval chironomid genera were then placed upon these new axes, based on coordinates generated for each sample site. These genera were found to occupy significantly different environments. Heuristic analysis of the data identified five groups of genera, each indicating particular water quality conditions: 1) Stictocbironomus—hard, alkaline unpolluted water; 2) Pentaneura, Cricotopus, and Tanytarsus—sewage enriched water; 3) Procladius and Dicrotendipes—high agricultural runoff; 4) Ablabesmyia and Tribelos —general organic pollution, soft acid water; and 5) Micropsectra, Microtendipes, Glyptotendipes, Chironomus, Polypedilum, and Cryptochironomus — facultative genera.
Lack of Toluene-Induced Dominant Lethals in Rats
(1989-03) Washington, Willie J.; Wilson, Angela; Lyons, Cheryl; Dennie, Deidre; Schooler, Shawn; Parham, Scott; Baxter, Lori; Shanklin, Constance; Carmen, Herron
The mutagenic potential of toluene was investigated with the dominant lethal mutation assay. Male Sprague Dawley rats (8-10 wk old) were injected intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days with 346 and 692 mg per kg body weight of toluene in corn oil. To analyze for the effect of toluene on several germ cell stages, each male was mated with one untreated, virgin female per week for up to 7 weeks. Females were sacrificed 14 to 17 d after insemination for analysis of their uterine contents. The total number of implantations and the number of dead and living embryos per pregnant female were determined. From these data the dominant lethal mutation index was calculated. There was no significant effect of toluene on the number of implantations (total, dead, or alive) per pregnant female per week. The different stages of spermatogenesis from late primary spermatocyte to fully mature sperm were not affected by the action of toluene as measured by the dominant lethal mutation assay. The dominant lethal mutation indices were small positive and negative percentages, suggesting that toluene did not induce dominant lethal mutations in the germ cells of male Sprague Dawley rats under the conditions tested.
Front Matter
(1989-03)

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