Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 106, Issue 3 (June, 2006)
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Front Matter
pp. 0
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Survival and Nesting Habitat use by Sichuan and Ring-necked
Pheasants Released in Ohio
Shipley, Kathryn; Scott, David P.; pp. 78-85
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Regeneration of Woodland Vegetation after Deer Browsing in
Sharon Woods Metro Park, Franklin County, Ohio
Asnani, Kashmira M.; Klips, Robert A.; Curtis, Peter S. pp.
86-92
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Population Responses of Microtus pennsylvanicus across a
Chronological Sequence of Habitat Alteration
Dooley Jr., James L.; Murray, Amanda L. pp. 93-97
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Fish Assemblage of Cedar Fork Creek, Ohio, Unchanged for 28
Years
Berra, Tim M.; Petry, Paulo pp. 98-102
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Glacial Lake Licking: Late-Glacial Drainage Diversion and
the Formationof Black Hand Gorge, Licking County, Ohio
Frolking, Tod A.; Pachell, Matthew A. pp. 103-111
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Non-Acid Gastroesophageal Reflux and Respiratory Disorders:
A Literature Review
Mousa, Hayat; Woodley, Frederick W. pp. 112-116
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Geomagnetic Navigation in Monarchs and Black
Swallowtails
LaRue, Alyssa; Naber, Steven; Talnagi, Joseph pp. 117-121
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Book Review
Whitford, Philip C. pp. 122
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Item Front Matter(2006-06)Item Survival and Nesting Habitat use by Sichuan and Ring-necked Pheasants Released in Ohio(2006-06) Shipley, Kathryn; Scott, David P.Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) populations in the Midwestern United States have declined drastically since World War II. Population numbers in Ohio have leveled off since the establishment of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); however, a return to historically abundant ring-necked pheasant populations is unlikely with current land-use practices. Studies by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) of released Sichuan pheasants (P. c. strauchi), a subspecies of the ring-necked pheasant, suggested that Sichuans may nest in woody cover, a trait that could reduce agriculture-related nest losses common to ring-necked pheasants and potentially increase pheasant populations. We released over 2,000 Sichuan pheasants (962 females, 1,116 males) and 208 ring-necked pheasants (24 females, 84 males) in central Ohio, United States, in early April 1993-96. Survival and habitat use before, during, and after the nesting season were evaluated for a sample of hens from each subspecies through the use of radio-telemetry. Survival rates (range = 0.05-0.15) and apparent nest success (38% and 50% for Sichuan and ring-necked nests, respectively) were not different between the subspecies. The largest source of mortality for both subspecies was predation (71-84% and 65-88%, for Sichuan and ring-necked hens, respectively). Most nests, 85% of Sichuan and 81% of ring-necked, were located in upland herbaceous, upland shrub/scrub, and hay macro-habitat types. Nests of both subspecies were within 16 m of an edge, surrounded by few woody stems (median = 0.25/m2) and dense herbaceous cover (1,450 and 1,130 stems/m2, Sichuan and ring-necked nests, respectively). Sichuan hens selected a higher proportion of forbs (37.5% and 15.0%, Sichuan and ring-necked, respectively) and ring-necked hens selected a higher proportion of grass (17.5% and 37.5%, Sichuan and ring-necked, respectively) within 1.0 m2 of the nest (P ≤ 0.010). Population survey indices suggested that a self-sustaining Sichuan pheasant population was not established.Item Regeneration of Woodland Vegetation after Deer Browsing in Sharon Woods Metro Park, Franklin County, Ohio(2006-06) Asnani, Kashmira M.; Klips, Robert A.; Curtis, Peter S.Overbrowsing by deer can decrease plant abundance and change plant species composition, especially in isolated forest fragments. Sharon Woods Metro Park, Franklin County, OH is a 308 ha suburban woodland preserve that had a deer population of 347 individuals in 1992 (112 deer/km2), which was subsequently reduced to the currently maintained level of ~40 individuals (14 deer/km2). Deer exclosures (~0.4 ha) established in 1990 in three habitats were used to compare vegetation that recovered under complete protection with that which had sustained continued browsing. Tree seedlings, herbaceous and shrub species richness, diversity, and floristic quality were quantified in browsed and fenced treatments as indicators of plant diversity. Percent ground cover was assayed as a measure of plant biomass. Total percent ground cover was significantly lower in browsed treatments in two of the three habitats. Species richness and floristic quality of forest floor species were consistently, though not significantly, lowered in browsed treatments where the more disturbance-tolerant native species increased in frequency and abundance. Reduced deer browsing has allowed some plant species to regenerate but not others. For example, pawpaw (Asimina triloba), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) are disturbance tolerant and/or unpalatable species that may inhibit regeneration of more sensitive species under browsing pressure. A further reduction in deer density to ~4 deer/km2 and continued vegetation monitoring are recommended next steps for vegetation management at Sharon Woods.Item Population Responses of Microtus pennsylvanicus across a Chronological Sequence of Habitat Alteration(2006-06) Dooley Jr., James L.; Murray, Amanda L.Understanding the effects of habitat alteration on population demography and persistence is emerging as one of the most important and challenging areas facing ecologists and conservation biologists today. Here we compare the population demography of a common but important consumer species in eastern and mid-western grassland communities (Microtus pennsylvanicus) across three habitats that differ in the amount of time since reclamation following strip-mining (30, 25, and 15 years). We established two 40 × 40 m plots at each of the three sites and used traditional capture-recapture techniques to monitor population size, survival, and recruitment through a nine-month period during 1999-2000. We predicted that populations of M. pennsylvanicus would exhibit higher population numbers, better survival rates, and higher rates of recruitment in habitat patches that had been recovering for longer periods of time. In contrast to our predictions, results indicated higher peak population numbers at the most recently disturbed site ( χ = 81.18 ± 9.59 individuals) and higher numbers of reproductive females ( χ = 3.38 ± 0.85) relative to sites recovering for 25 and 30 years ( χ peak population size = 28.08 ± 23.09 and 31.16 ± 1.75 individuals, respectively; χ number of reproductive females = 0.57 ± 0.32 and 1.13 ± 0.13, respectively). Thus it would appear that time since disturbance was not an important predictor of population performance for this species in this altered system. Alternative hypotheses such as the influence of local habitat attributes and population fluctuations are discussed.Item Fish Assemblage of Cedar Fork Creek, Ohio, Unchanged for 28 Years(2006-06) Berra, Tim M.; Petry, PauloA 270 m section of Cedar Fork Creek, a clear, gravel-bottomed, headwater stream of the Ohio River System in north-central Ohio, was sampled 48 times from 1975-2003. During the 28 year period 32,237 individuals of 10 fish families and 44 species were collected. Eight taxa made up 86% of the total number collected. Cyprinids (Luxilus cornutus, Campostoma anomalum, Pimephales notatus, Semotilus atromaculatus, and Notropis buccatus) accounted for 65% of the individuals. Two darter species Etheostoma caeruleum, E. nigrum) made up 17.4% of the total, and the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, accounted for 3.3%. The same common species were abundant throughout the 28 years, and the same rare species were consistently present in small numbers. Species richness averaged 23 species per year. Margalef’s index of diversity varied only slightly from 2.8 to 3.6 during the study indicating the constancy of species composition. Two jackknife estimators (nonparametric resampling procedures) suggested that the collections detected 97-100% of the species present. Exotic species failed to make inroads into the Cedar Fork community except for carp, Cyprinus carpio, that have been in Ohio since 1879, and brown trout, Salmo trutta, that were recently stocked by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources.Item Glacial Lake Licking: Late-Glacial Drainage Diversion and the Formationof Black Hand Gorge, Licking County, Ohio(2006-06) Frolking, Tod A.; Pachell, Matthew A.Numerous narrow, steep-walled valleys cut through the uplands of the Glaciated Appalachian Plateaus section of east-central Ohio. In Licking County, eastward-advancing glacial ice blocked the west-flowing paleo drainage east of Newark forming Glacial Lake Licking. Lake waters ultimately overtopped a drainage divide south of Hanover causing the erosion of Black Hand Gorge and reversal of the Licking River drainage. Cutbanks and cores into late-Wisconsinan terraces along the Licking River and its tributaries above the Gorge reveal dense, laminated (± 1.0 mm) to massive, calcareous, gray lacustrine silt disconformably overlain by 1.0-6.0+ m of oxidized fluvial sand and gravel overlain in turn by sandy silt (Chili loam soil). Lacustrine silt has been found from elevations of 228 m (748 ft) above sea level in cores in the Licking River floodplain to 255 m (838 ft) in a small lateral tributary. The 230 m (755 ft) elevation of the modern Gorge channel bed indicates at least 25 m of incision since the lake was impounded. Two radiometric dates (33,440 ± 1060 and 21,660 ± 120 years BP) as well as stratigraphic and pedogenic relationships indicate that Glacial Lake Licking was impounded in the late wisconsinan and that gorge cutting occurred relatively early during the last glacial maximum. No weathering zone, indicating a significant period of subaerial exposure, has been noted either at the silt/gravel contact or within the fluvial gravel.Item Non-Acid Gastroesophageal Reflux and Respiratory Disorders: A Literature Review(2006-06) Mousa, Hayat; Woodley, Frederick W.Recent technological advances that now permit us to detect gastroesophageal reflux (GER), independent of pH, have sparked a fury of interest in non-acid GER as a potential culprit in respiratory disorders. Application of combined esophageal pH and multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) monitoring to the study and diagnosis of GER disease (GERD) demonstrated non-acid GER to be far more frequent (in infants, children, and adults alike) than previously recognized. The following report is a review of the current literature that describes non-acid GER or that temporally associates non-acid GER with respiratory disorders.Item Geomagnetic Navigation in Monarchs and Black Swallowtails(2006-06) LaRue, Alyssa; Naber, Steven; Talnagi, JosephMonarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) in North America migrate to and from Mexico. Black swallowtails (Papilio polyxenes) are non-migratory and travel locally. Two hypotheses have been suggested concerning the navigation of monarchs: that the monarchs use an internal sun compass, or that they use a geomagnetic compass. The data collected by this research show that both species have the ability to use geomagnetic navigation and that monarchs do, in fact, use geomagnetic navigation. Neutron activation analysis was used to assay iron concentrations by species, body parts, and sex. It was shown that the head had the highest iron concentrations of the body parts, with monarch females being higher than monarch males. The gender pattern was reversed in the black swallowtails. A strong magnet and insect pavilion was used in darkness and sunlight in different orientations to test the hypothesis that monarchs have a geomagnetic sensory system and use geomagnetic navigation. Monarchs were affected by the magnet in both sunlight and dark, while black swallowtails did not show conclusively that they use geomagnetic navigation. These findings may have parallels in other migratory and non-migratory species of animals.Item Book Review(2006-06) Whitford, Philip C.Item Back Matter(2006-06)