Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 86, Issue 3 (June, 1986)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/22088

Front Matter
pp. 0
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Foreword
McLean, E. Bruce pp. 50-50
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History of the Biology Department of John Carroll University
Gavin, Donald P. pp. 51-60
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Photographs of Invertebrate Megafauna from Abyssal Depths of the North-Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean
Foell, Eric J.; Pawson, David L. pp. 61-68
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The Marginal Nuclei in the Spinal Cord of Reptiles: Intraspinal Mechanoreceptors
Schroeder, Dolores M. pp. 69-72
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In Vitro Flouride Resistance in a Cariogenic Streptococcus
Brussock, Susan M.; Kral, Timothy A. pp. 73-76
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Food Habits and Prey Specificity of the Common Barn Owl in Ohio
Colvin, Bruce A.; McLean, E. Bruce pp. 76-80
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The Morphology and Emergence Patterns of the Cercaria of Allocreadium pseudotritoni Rankin 1937 (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae)
Catalano, Paul A. pp. 81-76
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Partial Characterization of Human Neutrophil Plasma Membrane Components which Bind Concanavalin A and Wheat Germ Agglutinin
Tschismadia, Irene; Ackerman, G. Adolph pp. 85-89
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Pup Survival and Development Following Hippocampal Lesions in the Female Rat
Murphy, Helen M.; Wideman, Cyrilla H. pp. 89-94
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An Ecological Model of the Effects of Exotic Factors on Limiting Hawaiian Honeycreeper Populations
Mountainspring, Stephen pp. 95-99
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Prevalence, Mean Intensity, and Relative Density of Lintaxine Cokeri Linton 1940 (Monogenea: Heteraxinidae) on Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) in Lake Erie (1984)
Mergo, John C., Jr.; Crites, John L. pp. 101-105
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Potent Natural Inhibitors of CaCO3 Crystallization From Chalk Deposits
Gunthorpe, Martha E.; Sikes, C. Steven pp. 106-110
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Egg Diameter Variation in Eastern North American Minnows (Pisces: Cyprinidae): Correlation with Vertebral Number, Habitat and Spawning Behavior
Coburn, Miles M. pp. 110-120
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Miospore Zonation in the Brookville (No. 4) Coal (Pennsylvanian) of Ohio
Hasenstaub, Thomas S. pp. 121-123
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Substrate Selection by Fantail (Etheostoma flabellare), Greenside (E. blennioides), and Rainbow (E. caeruleum) Darters
Hlohowskyj, Ihor; Wissing, Thomas E. pp. 124-129
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The Alumni and Faculty Authors
pp. 130-131
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Now showing 1 - 18 of 18

Back Matter
(1986-06)
The Alumni and Faculty Authors
(1986-06)
Substrate Selection by Fantail (Etheostoma flabellare), Greenside (E. blennioides), and Rainbow (E. caeruleum) Darters
(1986-06) Hlohowskyj, Ihor; Wissing, Thomas E.
The seasonal substrate preferences of fantail, greenside, and rainbow darters were examined in a laboratory stream tank. The fantail darter, tested singly or in the presence of congeners, exhibited a strong preference for the largest substrates (i.e., pebble, cobble-boulder) in all seasons. The percentage of observations of fantail darters on pebble and cobble-boulder substrates ranged from 44.3% to 71.1%. Of the three species examined, the greenside darter showed the greatest preference for the largest substrates. The percentage of observations on the pebble and cobble-boulder substrates for this species ranged from 52.1% to 73.9%. In contrast to the other species, the rainbow darter used all substrates with approximately equal frequency. The results of similarity analyses revealed high levels of overlap (>0.600) in substrate use among the three species in all seasons. However, interspecific differences in morphology, foraging method, and foraging area may reduce the potential for competition for space among these species.
Miospore Zonation in the Brookville (No. 4) Coal (Pennsylvanian) of Ohio
(1986-06) Hasenstaub, Thomas S.
Samples of the Brookville Coal collected from two localities in northeastern Ohio were analyzed palynologically. Laevigatosporites globosus, the most abundant species, accounted for up to 85% by number of the sample populations. Four assemblages, characterized by combinations of the genera Laevigatosporites, Lycospora, Florinites, and Acanthotriletes, are recognized. Although the basal zones at the two localities are somewhat different, the middle and upper zones are remarkably similar, providing palynological evidence which suggests that the two exposures are part of the same stratigraphic unit. Paleoecological evidence indicates that the Brookville was deposited in a swamp that was forested primarily by tree ferns during most of its existence.
Egg Diameter Variation in Eastern North American Minnows (Pisces: Cyprinidae): Correlation with Vertebral Number, Habitat and Spawning Behavior
(1986-06) Coburn, Miles M.
Data on mean diameters of mature, unspawned ova were obtained for 12 genera and 71 species of eastern North American cyprinids. Sizes ranged from approximately 0.7 mm for several species of Notropis, Hybognathus hankinsoni, and Hybopsis aestivalis to 2.0 mm for Campostoma anomalum (Reed 1958). Mean diameter is strongly conserved in several taxa including different subgenera of Notropis. In Notropis (Luxilus), mean diameter ranged from 1.24-1.41 mm, in Notropis {Hydrophlox) from 1.13-1.18 mm, and in Notropis (Alburnops) from 0.71-0.93 mm. Notropis (ss) and Cyprinella were exceptions, with both having a range of mean egg diameters that varied more than 0.50 mm. Mean vertebral counts were tabulated for 61 species. Regression and correlation analyses were performed on 20 non-Notropis species, 41 species of Notropis, and both combined. In all cases the slope of the regression line differed from zero at P < 0.001. Correlation coefficients (r) for the relationships of vertebral number to egg size were 0.930, 0.715, and 0.810, respectively. In addition, upland and montane species have larger eggs than lowland species; territorial and/or nesting species have larger eggs than those lacking these behaviors.
Potent Natural Inhibitors of CaCO3 Crystallization From Chalk Deposits
(1986-06) Gunthorpe, Martha E.; Sikes, C. Steven
Fossilized calcareous structures in chalk collected from exposures of the Selma formation in Alabama yielded organic components comparable to the organic matrices of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shells of sea urchin and oyster. The organic matrix of the chalk was composed of 0.05% soluble protein and 0.17% soluble carbohydrate per dry weight. The possible role of the organic matrix as a regulator of CaCO3 formation was tested by use of two crystallization assays, the nucleation assay and constant composition assay. Results of the nucleation assay showed total inhibition of crystallization at 0.25 ug protein/ml and partial inhibition at 0.025 ug protein/ml. However, the Selma extract was not an inhibitor of the rate of crystal growth, once crystals had already formed, as shown by use of the constant composition assay. Analysis of the chalk extract by high performance liquid chromatography yielded distinct peaks in UV absorbance, indicating that it may contain more than one presumably protein component. In addition, the relatively high content of carbohydrates in the chalk extract suggests that some of the inhibitory activity may be due to the presence of these materials.
Prevalence, Mean Intensity, and Relative Density of Lintaxine Cokeri Linton 1940 (Monogenea: Heteraxinidae) on Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) in Lake Erie (1984)
(1986-06) Mergo, John C., Jr.; Crites, John L.
A total of 309 freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens), including 32 young-of-the-year (YOY), were collected from two localities in northern Ohio. Prevalence of infestation with Lintaxine cokeri was 9.71%, whereas relative density was 0.21. The highest prevalence (17.33%) and relative density (0.56) occurred in immature drum; highest prevalence (25.00%) and intensity (2-8) of infestation among the various size classes of drum occurred in fish ranging from 100-140 mm (standard length). All drum designated as YOY were uninfested, but may become infested with L. cokeri late in their first year. Excluding YOY, overall prevalence and relative density were 10.38% and 0.24, respectively. Immature drum (—YOY) showed a prevalence of 30.23% and a relative density of 0.98. Mean intensities were slightly higher than relative densities, but similar to the entire sample. Seasonal prevalences and relative densities increased, reaching summer highs of 11.11% and 0.34 in June and July, respectively. A seasonal low prevalence of 5.88% and a relative density of 0.058 occurred in November. Seasonal fluctuations in prevalence, mean intensity, and relative density are related to freshwater drum life history. This represents the first report of L. cokeri parasitizing freshwater drum in the area east of the Mississippi River.
An Ecological Model of the Effects of Exotic Factors on Limiting Hawaiian Honeycreeper Populations
(1986-06) Mountainspring, Stephen
The object of this study was to construct a quantitative model to compare the effect of several exotic factors on limiting natural populations. The effect of habitat loss, range loss due to avian disease, feral ungulate activity, and interspecific competition for food resources from exotic birds on 33 populations of 16 Hawaiian honeycreeper species was examined. The impact of the four limiting factors was characterized in terms of the percent reduction in range or population density. Habitat loss resulted in a 74% average reduction in the original range; probable range loss due to disease averaged 46% of the available habitat; and feral ungulates and exotic birds lowered honeycreeper population densities by an average of 22% and 9%, respectively. The combined effect of the four limiting factors, which was modelled as their multiplicative product, represented an average loss of 89% in potential population size due to their operation, and accounted for 75% of the variation in present population sizes.
Pup Survival and Development Following Hippocampal Lesions in the Female Rat
(1986-06) Murphy, Helen M.; Wideman, Cyrilla H.
Animals with hippocampal lesions, induced by aspiration, are inferior to cortical control and normal animals in providing some aspects of maternal care needed for the proper survival of their young. Pup survival of animals with hippocampal lesions is significantly lower than pup survival of cortical control and normal animals. Nest construction of dams with hippocampal lesions is inferior to the cortical control and normal groups. Female animals with hippocampal lesions retrieve sensory altered pups more slowly than cortical control and normal animals. The deficits in retrieval behavior in animals with hippocampal lesions may be linked to defects in their ability to properly sequence cues. On day 5 after parturition, pups born to animals with hippocampal lesions weigh significantly less than those born to cortical control and normal animals. By day 14 after parturition, there are no significant differences between pup weights of animals born to hippocampally lesioned dams and those born to normal dams. If pups survive to 21 days after parturition, there are no significant differences in a number of serum components when pups born to hippocampally lesioned animals are compared to control pups. Serum levels of the following are similar in all three groups of pups: TSH, total T4, free T4, Na, K, Cl, P, Fe, glucose, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, and bilirubin. If pups born to mothers with hippocampal lesions survive until weaning, endocrinological and biochemical abnormalities are not apparent.
Partial Characterization of Human Neutrophil Plasma Membrane Components which Bind Concanavalin A and Wheat Germ Agglutinin
(1986-06) Tschismadia, Irene; Ackerman, G. Adolph
Partial characterization of normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) plasma membrane components which bind Concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was accomplished. Plasma membrane preparations of PMNs, separated on 9% SDS-polyacrylamide (PAGE) gels, showed the presence of 24 protein bands after Coomassie blue staining. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed cell surface radioiodination showed that 16 of these bands represented cell surface proteins containing tyrosine residues. Molecular weights (MW) of these proteins ranged from 32,000-300,000 daltons. The PMNs were also labeled with 3H-WGA and 3H-Con A in separate experiments. Electrophoretic separation of plasma membrane components and subsequent fluorography revealed three radioactive bands in 3H-WGA labeled gels (MWs of 90,000 55,000, and 40,000) and two in 3H-Con A labeled gels (MWs of 70,000 and 34,000). The WGA/Con A labeling ratio was approximately 2:1. These labeled bands represented surface glycoprotein WGA and Con A receptors of PMN plasma membranes. Spectrophotometric comparison of 3H-WGA and 3H-Con A labeled bands indicated separate and distinct labeling of surface glycoproteins by WGA and Con A. These substantially different binding patterns indicate major differences in membrane carbohydrate residues that are sterically available for WGA and Con A binding.
The Morphology and Emergence Patterns of the Cercaria of Allocreadium pseudotritoni Rankin 1937 (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae)
(1986-06) Catalano, Paul A.
Cercariae of Allocreadium pseudotritoni, a trematode parasite of salamanders, develop in the sphaeriid clam, Pisidium casertanum, and have the eyespots and stylet (ophthalmoxiphidiocercaria) characteristic of this larval stage in the genus Allocreadium. Allocreadium pseudotritoni cercariae are further characterized by a flame cell formula 2[(4 + 4 + 4) + (4 + 4 + 4)] = 48, three pairs of penetration glands, cystogenous glands, and a slender unadorned tail. Maximum cercarial emergence occurs within three hours of the onset of light with large numbers from individual clams usually appearing in a single day.
Food Habits and Prey Specificity of the Common Barn Owl in Ohio
(1986-06) Colvin, Bruce A.; McLean, E. Bruce
Pellets from common barn owls (Tyto alba) were collected in 1976 and 1979-1981 from seven different locations in Ohio, yielding 14 distinct samples. A total of 12,589 prey items, including 21 mammal species, was identified. The meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) was 63.9% of all prey and 75.7% of all biomass of mammalian prey. Two species, the meadow vole and short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), accounted for 84.1% of total prey and 87.8% of biomass of mammalian prey. Birds constituted only 1.5% of total prey. Mean weight of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) taken by owls was 59-1 g; the mode was 42.5 g, suggesting selection of small rats since adult rats weigh 200-500 g. Comparison of prey among samples showed a high degree of similarity. The diet of common barn owls can be described as highly stereotyped and restrictive; thus, barn owl foraging behavior should be considered when evaluating habitat requirements and prey resources appropriate for maintenance of barn owl populations.
In Vitro Flouride Resistance in a Cariogenic Streptococcus
(1986-06) Brussock, Susan M.; Kral, Timothy A.
Stable fluoride-resistant mutants of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 were isolated with a stepwise selection procedure. First-step mutants were isolated at a frequency of 6.4 X 10~10 and demonstrated six maximal levels of resistance ranging from 400-1000 ug/ml sodium fluoride. Second-step mutants with higher levels of resistance were isolated at a frequency of 1.4 X 10~8. Second-step mutants demonstrated two maximal levels of resistance, 1600 and 3000 ug/ml sodium fluoride. Other than fluoride resistance, the characteristics of both first- and second-step mutants were similar to those of the parental strain. Growth rates did differ, however. First-step mutants exhibited slightly longer mass doubling times than the parental strain (average of 50 vs 45 min, respectively). Second-step mutants exhibited substantially longer mass doubling times (average of 71.5 min). The results suggest that fluoride resistance may be regulated by more than one gene, and that high levels of resistance may be due to a cumulative effect of at least two genes.
The Marginal Nuclei in the Spinal Cord of Reptiles: Intraspinal Mechanoreceptors
(1986-06) Schroeder, Dolores M.
The marginal nucleus is a congregation of large cells in the lateral portion of the spinal cord and is found in a number of vertebrates including man and is prominent in reptiles. Recent studies suggest that these cells are mechanoreceptors that respond to stretching of the spinal cord, and are unique in that they are located within the central nervous system. Studies on the marginal nucleus in crotaline snakes show that the denticulate ligament forms an intimate part of this mechanoreceptive area. It undergoes structural changes within the intervertebral areas where stretching and bending of the vertebral column occur. This was also the case in two species of colubrid snakes that were studied, although some slight anatomical differences were noted within the marginal nucleus and the ligament. In lizards, the basic structure is also the same, but only the ventral portion of the ligament undergoes changes, and the marginal neurons are associated primarily with this portion of the ligament. In turtles, the ligament is considerably reduced in size, and the marginal nucleus is represented by only a few cells in the upper cervical regions of the spinal cord. Ultrastructural studies on the crotaline spinal cord show that the neurons extend dendrites into a lateral neuropil area, and that dendrites give rise to a number of small tubules, parallel to the spinal cord and ligament. Other ultrastructural features, characteristic of peripheral mechanoreceptors, are also found in this intraspinal mechanoreceptive area.
Photographs of Invertebrate Megafauna from Abyssal Depths of the North-Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean
(1986-06) Foell, Eric J.; Pawson, David L.
A series of RV PROSPECTOR cruises to survey ferromanganese nodule deposits at depths of 4000-5200 meters in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone of the north-eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean resulted in the acquisition of over 70,000 seafloor images. Real-time television, coupled with 35-mm remotecontrolled still photography, revealed a conspicuous epibenthic invertebrate megafauna of more than 70 species. Approximately 38 species are echinoderms. Porifera and Cnidaria are each represented by approximately 12 species. Several molluscs and arthropods, a bryozoan, a hemichordate, and an ascidian urochordate constitute the remainder.
History of the Biology Department of John Carroll University
(1986-06) Gavin, Donald P.
From 1886-1928, biological science at the then St. Ignatius College (now John Carroll University) was taught as an elective, normally by faculty from other departments or by local medical doctors. Father Edward Calhoun, S. J., appointed in 1928 to chair the newly organized Department of Biology, was the first faculty member trained in biology. By 1936 the department had the stated purpose of preparing students for entry into schools of medicine and dentistry, and teaching. In I960, when Fr. Philip Vogel succeeded to the department chairmanship, serious discussions concerning expansion into other areas were held. In 1966, the department announced its intentions to make its orientation three-fold: pre-professional (medical), basic biology, and basic research. Plans for this change in purpose were slowed in 1969 with the deaths of three of the seven faculty members. Their replacement was seriously questioned, and the department was on the verge of being absorbed by Chemistry. Dr. Jean Cummings successfully reversed the opinion of the administration, and the department survived. A second change in policy occurred almost immediately when, in 1970, the department and administration agreed to seek replacement faculty for both teaching and research duties. The present faculty of eight is reflective of that policy. The department enters its second 100 years committed to both undergraduate and graduate education, with a diverse faculty and an outstanding record of achievement over the past 10 years.
Foreword
(1986-06) McLean, E. Bruce
Front Matter
(1986-06)

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