36th Hayes Graduate Research Forum (March, 2022)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/93189

Submission Instructions for Students

Arts
1st place: Lawson, Nicole
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2nd place: Downie, Simone
Submission in process
3rd place: Christmas, Alesondra
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Biological Sciences
1st place: Howell, Athena
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2nd place: Packer, Jonathan
Submission in process
3rd place: Wangler, Lynde
Submission in process

Business
1st place: Jin, Jianna
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2nd place: Zeiser, Andrew
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Education & Human Ecology
1st place: Perry, Andrew
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2nd place: Ching, Kimiko
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3rd place: Kim, Grace Jue Yeon
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Engineering
1st place: Tang, Nina
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2nd place: Khan, Faiz Nisar
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3rd place: Rincon-Benavides, Maria Angelica
Submission in process

FAES
1st place: Xu, Yumin
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2nd place: Scott, Sarah
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3rd place: McCoy, Jack
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Health Sciences
1st place: Mukherjee, Debasmita
Description | Full Text PDF Embargoed until April 2025
2nd place: Salyer, Lorien
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3rd place: Pax, Kazune
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Humanities
1st place: Hambrick, Keira
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2nd place: Paige, Victoria
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3rd place: Acosta, Angela
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Mathematical & Physical Sciences
1st place: Nguyen, Dustin
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2nd place: Poptic, Anna
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3rd place: Steinke, Sean
Submission in process

Social & Behavioral Sciences
1st place: Yu, Shuyuan
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2nd place: Ross, Morgan
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3rd place: Coutts, Jacob
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Poster Division: Arts, Humanities, and Education and Human Ecology
1st place: Heitman, Kristen
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2nd place: Hines, Christian
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Poster Division: Biological Sciences
1st place: Rich, Kelly
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2nd place: Sanghvi, Shridhar
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3rd place: Hanson, Meretta
Submission in process

Poster Division: FAES
1st place: Lemos Motta, Jessica Cristina
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2nd place: Janahar, Jerish Joyner
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Poster Division: Health Sciences
1st place: Andras, Natalie
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2nd place: Schuetz, Robert
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Poster Division: Math and Physical Sciences and Engineering
1st place: Chakraborty, Srija
Submission in process
2nd place: Milder, Alexander
Submission in process
3rd place: Hlatshwayo, Zweli
Description | Full Text PDF Embargoed until April 2025

Poster Division: Social & Behavioral Sciences
1st place: Green, Madelyn
Submission in process
2nd place: Ozbilen, Basar
Description | Full Text PDF Embargoed until April 2025
3rd place: Calabrese, Julianna
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Recent Submissions

Now showing 1 - 20 of 35
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    A Critical Race Theory Analysis of the OSU Dance Brazil Tour Group 2020
    (2022-03) Christmas, Alesondra; George-Graves, Nadine
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    Utilizing synthetic models to understand active site assembly in pathogenic bacteria
    (2022-03) Poptic, Anna; Zhang, Shiyu
    Heterobimetallic iron/manganese active sites are found in several enzymes, such as purple acid phosphatase, ribonucleotide reductase class Ic (R2c), and R2-like ligand binding oxidase (R2lox). How Nature assembles heterobimetallic FeMn cofactors has been a long-standing puzzle due to the low bioavailability and weaker the binding affinity of MnII versus FeII. The heterobimetallic specificity of R2c and R2lox has yet to be reproduced with small-molecule models, leading to the hypothesis that FeMn cofactors overcome the thermodynamic preference of FeII over MnII with specific secondary or tertiary protein features. Herein, we report that selective formation of the heterobimetallic FeIIMnII complex can be accomplished in the absence of the influence of the protein scaffold. Treatment of the binucleating ligand Py4DMcT (L) with equimolar amounts of FeII and MnII along with two equivalents of acetate (OAc) in a one-pot reaction affords the [LFeIIMnII(OAc)2]2+ complex in 80% yield, while the diiron complex [LFeII-FeII(OAc)2]2+ was only produced in 8% yield. The formation of FeIIMnII is favored regardless of order of addition of FeII, MnII, and acetate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of single crystals of [LFeIIMnII(OAc)2]2+ reveals an unsymmetrically coordinated acetate ligand - a feature shared by both R2c and R2lox, which differentiates the two metal binding sites. Metal binding studies performed with quantitative 1H-NMR demonstrate that the successful assembly of the FeIIMnII heterobimetallic complex originates from (a) the selective binding of FeII as the first metal, which creates a Fe-deficient/Mn-rich environment that facilitate the loading of MnII as the second metal, and (b) the inability of the ligand L to house a bimetallic manganese complex, as evidenced by single-crystal XRD and DFT calculation. Our modeling study demonstrates that selective assembly of FeIIMnII bimetallic site can be accomplished through primary ligand preference without violating the classic Irving-Williams series.
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    Development and Optimization of a Clinical Support Algorithm for Rapid Identification of Diagnostic Germline Variants
    (2022-03) Schuetz, Robert; White, Peter; Chaudhari, Bimal
    Congenital disorders are the leading cause of death amongst infants in the U.S. and ultimately effect approximately 8% of the population. Next generation sequencing methods have contributed to increased diagnostic yield in rare disease diagnostics; however, most patients referred to genetics departments still do not receive a diagnosis. By leveraging computational methods, candidate genetic variants can be ranked by likelihood of causing the disease phenotype. LIRICAL, a likelihood ratio algorithm that implements a phenotype and genotype component, outputs probabilities of candidate variants being diagnostic, which is preferable for human interpretation. Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms are capable of identifying phenotype terms in unstructured clinical notes, but the large number of extracted terms overwhelms LIRICAL and compromises accuracy. Here we compare our improved likelihood ratio algorithm, CAVaLRi, and investigate the clinical utility of NLP generated phenotype sets. Novel features of CAVaLRi include limiting inputted phenotype sets to only the most informative terms, incorporating parental genotypes and assigning relative importance by weighting each likelihood ratio component. Genetic sequencing data from an internal cohort (n=611, solved=185) were obtained along with phenotype sets curated by clinical staff. Clinical notes from the electronic health record were passed to ClinPhen, an NLP phenotype extraction algorithm, to generate computational phenotype sets. When passing clinician curated phenotype sets, CAVaLRi significantly outperformed LIRICAL (ROC AUC improved from 0.80 to 0.94, average rank of solved cases improved from 11.4 to 5.7, p=7.97e-16). CAVaLRi accuracy was virtually identical when clinician curated phenotype sets were replaced by ClinPhen generated phenotype sets (ROC AUC remained unchanged at 0.94, average rank of solved cases increase trivially from 5.7 to 5.8, p=0.23). The likelihood ratio paradigm extensions provided by CAVaLRi lead to highly significant gains in diagnostic variant classification accuracy compared to leading variant prioritization algorithms. CAVaLRi stands as the best available computational tool for ensuring diagnostic variants are not overlooked in clinical review.
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    Environment of Origin and Domestication Affect Seed Germination, Root Morphology, and Response to Water Deficit in Chile Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
    (2022-03) McCoy, Jack; Mercer, Kristin
    Global climate change threatens agriculture by increasing precipitation variability and drought. To mitigate these risks, we can improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as soil water deficit, through genetic improvement utilizing unique sources of tolerance. Landraces, or traditional varieties from crop centers of origin, often have adaptations to their specific environments and the associated abiotic stresses. Chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) landraces grow across a wide range of environments in their native Mexico and provide a unique opportunity to study drought adaptation. Previous work suggests that chile landraces from Mexico have adaptations that contribute to water deficit tolerance, specifically in above-ground traits such as plant biomass and architecture. However, there is a lack of study on below ground adaptations to drought, likely due to the challenging nature of root experiments. Root traits, such as high root length or small diameter, play an important role in water deficit tolerance by improving the efficiency of water uptake. In the present study, we explore seed germination, early-stage root growth and their responses to osmotic stress in a selection of chile pepper landraces from diverse environments of origin throughout Mexico. Additionally, we evaluate differences across levels of domestication by comparing wild-like landraces collected from forest environments alongside landraces collected from backyards. In the first experiment, seed from twelve accessions (individual landrace entries) were grown in a randomized complete block design in growth chambers. A water stress treatment was applied using polyethylene glycol (PEG) to simulate osmotic stress (two levels: untreated water and 20% PEG solution). Seed germination was monitored for 14 days, and germination percent reported. A second experiment studied the effect of greenhouse water deficit on nine of accessions grown in a randomized complete block design and subjected to well-watered and water deficit conditions (70 and 30% of field capacity, respectively). Five weeks after transplant, plants were destructively harvested, and soil was carefully cleaned from the root system. Roots were scanned using Winrhizo software (Regent Instruments Inc.) and total root length, average root diameter, root biomass, specific root length (SRL; total root length/root biomass), and root to shoot ratio are reported. All data were analyzed in R (v. 4.1.2), using linear mixed models and data was transformed as necessary. Total root length was significantly reduced under water deficit (p < 0.05). A significant interaction was identified between accession and water treatment for germination percent (p < 0.05) and SRL (p < 0.1). Regression analysis with environmental parameters from the environment of origin indicate a significant relationship between germination percent, stress treatment, annual precipitation, and precipitation seasonality. Root diameter and weight also had significant relationships with stress treatment and total available soil water of the environment of origin. Finally, germination percent, root length, diameter, and SRL were all significantly lower in forest accessions, while root weight and root to shoot ratio were significantly higher. Results provide evidence for drought adaptations in seed germination and root traits that could indicate tolerance to soil water deficit. For example, we observed a significant reduction in root diameter under water deficit in accession Ca0181, which originates from a low precipitation environment and could be exhibiting an adaptive response through improved water uptake efficiency often associated with a smaller root diameter. Significant relationships with environmental parameters such as annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, and total available soil water provide evidence for environmental adaptations in seed germination and root traits. Additionally, root traits appear to be significantly influenced by domestication, despite water treatment. Smaller root diameter and high root to shoot ratios in forest accessions suggest possible adaptations that improve water uptake in less domesticated accessions. Chile root morphology and architecture is a relatively under studied subject. This work provides insight into chile root growth under water deficit and identifies accessions with possible tolerance. It also provides evidence for adaptations to drought suggesting that environmental parameters and level of domestication are effective ways of identifying tolerant germplasm. Results will be useful in continued studies on adaptations and may have direct implications in breeding for water deficit tolerance.
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    (Un)Civilized Nation: Disrupting, Redirecting, and Intervening in White Women's Racism
    (2022-03) Lawson, Nicole; Zuniga-Shaw, Norah
    In this paper I will deconstruct the creation process of my dance film, (Un)Civilized Nation and discuss the potential of movement practices to establish embodied, choreographic methodologies for disrupting, redirecting, and intervening in white women's racism. The film is a synthesis of two processes. I conducted movement analysis of viral videos of white women's racial aggression. I then adapted the movement patterns from these videos into an autoethnographic reflection that examined the historical roots of this racial violence and the ways this history continues to live my white body. The purpose of the film (Un)Civilized Nation and the research emerging from its creation is to expose invisible patterns of racial violence and identify means for reprograming these patterns of behavior. In my creation process, I analyzed multiple viral recordings of white women confronting Black people and threatening them with state violence, including Jennifer Schulte (Barbecue Becky), Alison Ettel (Permit Patty), and Amy Cooper (Central Park Karen). Using movement analysis, I examined how each woman initiated the confrontation with her target, how she maneuvered in and negotiated the spatial relationship to her target, and her body postures and motions at each stage of the interaction from the incitement of the conflict, the point when the woman realized she was being recorded, and any activity after she became conscious of the recording. I observed that each confrontation followed a similar trajectory. Each white woman claimed ownership of a shared or public space. When the Black person affirmed their right to be in that space, the white woman lashed out by calling the police, threatening the Black person's safety with state violence. When the white woman recognized that she was being recorded, she cried and attempted to hide or flee the space. Because the trajectories of these confrontations are so similar, I hypothesize that this behavior is learned and, therefore, automatic. As a white woman living with PTSD, I recognize this automation as a potential trauma response. I apply Resmaa Menakem's (2017) concept of the "white body supremacy" trauma response to understand how the recorded women's bodily actions are a part of the intergenerational transmission of race-based bias and fear. I believe these white women are enacting this embodied racial trauma response because of their unconscious awareness of their own precarity within the white supremacist, patriarchal, capitalist system in the United States, as noted by Dr. Jacqueline Battalora (2013). These women's attempts to flee or hide once they know they are being recorded coincides with recognized patterns of weaponized gender performance that Ruby Hamad calls "Strategic White Womanhood" to shield themselves from the consequences of their behavior (2019). I wanted to create a film representing the legacies of the violence inherent in these women's actions and the way that my white body is simultaneously a container of these same legacies and a potential site of present and future racialized violence. To this end, I engaged in a series of autoethnographic improvisations in which I "put on" these women's postures, gestures, and movement qualities. I recorded what these improvisations produced in my body: What memories did they elicit? What physical sensations and emotions did they produce? I also physically explored the natural consequences of this racially aggressive behavior: police violence. Working alone in the studio, I imagined the physical actions of beating, choking, and shooting another human being to understand what it meant for my body to produce the destruction of another. The film that emerged tells the story of a white woman suspended in time. She gradually reveals that she is responsible the death of a Black person. Though she tells and retells the story of the event, she cannot accept the weight of her actions or her guilt, leaving the cycle of white supremacist violence to continue. Within a system built upon the control, consumption, and destruction of bodies, the processes of liberation for white people must come through white people's reflection upon lived, physical experience, recognition of the trauma responses programmed by those experiences, and intentional embodied practice to reprogram those responses in the body and the brain. My work demonstrates that dance-based movement experiences are well situated to facilitate these reprogramming practices because of dance's ability to activate empathy centers in the brain and body as noted in a psychological study, "Dance Expertise Modulates Behavioral and Psychophysiological Responses to Affective Body Movement" (Christensen et. all, 2016). This research will produce potential methodologies for engaging white audiences in the physical work of anti-racism to liberate us all from the cycle of white supremacist violence.
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    Controlled polymer nanoparticle synthesis using jet mixing reactor
    (2022-03) Khan, Faiz Nisar; Winter, Jessica
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    Role of chloride homeostasis in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury
    (2022-03) Sanghvi, Shridhar; Singh, Harpreet
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    "I Was Never Meant to Fly": Exploring the Visual Narratives of Black Girls in Marvel Comics
    (2022-03) Hines, Christian; Moore, James, III; Blackburn, Mollie
    Teaching superhero graphic novels in critical ways can push against the "canonizing forces" that marginalize students' interests and voices in school curriculum while potentially upholding oppressive ideologies. Black women characters are often overlooked, oversexualized, and written as one-dimensional compared to their male and white counterparts. In entertainment and literature, we see few Black women characters that have depth, reflection, and development. I investigate ways of knowing and viewing the black girl lived experiences via Marvels Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur, Shuri and the Ironheart series. Representation matters in all media forms. These Marvel series provide a captivating study into the marginalization of black women in traditional comic writing (Moeller, 2018). I utilize Black Girl Literacies (Muhammad & Haddix, 2016) and Critical Race Content Analysis (Huber, Gonzalez, & Solórzano, 2020), to explore how visual representations of black women are interpreted, coded, and comprehended across genres and mediums. I also use the framework of mirrors, windows, and sliding glass doors (Bishop, 2012) to analyze the use of diverse comics and graphic novels to facilitate critical conversations.
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    Conceptual prerequisites for analogical reasoning: The case of proportions
    (2022-03) Yu, Shuyuan; Opfer, John
    Analogy plays an important role in cognitive development, but children often need cognitive supports to draw correct ones. Here, we examined the role of conceptual knowledge in proportional analogies, which are often depicted as a simple exercise in pattern completion. In Study 1, adults and children (N = 321) completed 4-term analogy tasks featuring letters, lines, integers, or fractions. Performance was lowest for fractions, and strongly impacted by educational background. In Study 2, we conducted an educational intervention focusing on either conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, or both to 3rd-to-5th graders (N = 343) using a pretest-training- posttest design. Children with poor pretest magnitude knowledge were more likely to fail analogical reasoning, and training on conceptual knowledge that fractions denote magnitudes improved children's analogies. Together, these studies indicate that knowledge of fractional magnitudes is important to proportional analogy.
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    The Fast and the (Not so?) Furious: Communicating Disruption Information to Supply Chain Partners
    (2022-03) Zeiser, Andrew; Knemeyer, A. Michael; Croxton, Keely
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    A Pipeline for Automated Facial Expression Coding in Mother-Daughter Dyads
    (2022-03) Calabrese, Julianna; Beauchaine, Theodore