Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 86, Issue 4 (September, 1986)
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Front Matter
pp. 0
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Article
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The Evolution-Creation Controversy: Opinions from Students
at a "Liberal" Liberal Arts College
Zimmerman, Michael pp. 134-139
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Article
Full Text PDF (700KB)
Terbium Luminescence from Complexes of Angiotensin II,
Small Peptides, and Amino Acids
Miller, Theodore L.; Bennet, Loren W.; Spatz, Dana S. pp.
140-143
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Article
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Geographic Variation of Longevity in Ohio, 1930 and
1980
Swanson, David A.; Stockwell, Edward G. pp. 144-149
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Article
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Grooming Behavior in Embioptera and Zoraptera
(Insecta)
Valentine, Barry D. pp. 150-152
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Article
Full Text PDF (359KB)
Aspects of the Life History of the Tadpole Madtom, Noturus
gyrinus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae), in Southern Illinois
Whiteside, Lisa A.; Burr, Brooks M. pp. 153-160
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Article
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The Suffield Fault, Stark County, Ohio
Root, S. I.; MacWilliams, R. H. pp. 161-163
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Article
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Reproductive Performance and Condition of White-Tailed Deer
in Ohio
Stoll, Robert J., Jr.; Parker, William P. pp. 164-168
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The Central Ohio Scientific Association of Urbana
(1874-78)
Dexter, Ralph W. pp. 168-171
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Changes in an Ohio Prairie Soil as the Result of
Cultivation
Tomko, Sue Ellen; Hall, George F. pp. 171-176
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Article
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Endangered and Threatened Crayfishes (Decapoda:
Cambaridae)
Jezerinac, Raymond F. pp. 177-180
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Item Back Matter(1986-09)Item Endangered and Threatened Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae)(1986-09) Jezerinac, Raymond F.Field studies during the past five years indicate that the crayfish Orconectes obscurus (Hagen) is not an endangered species. However, the introduction of 0. rusticus (Hagen) into Sunfish Creek has almost eliminated 0. obscurus from this watershed. Orconectes sloanii Bundy is considered threatened because it has not been collected recently from many localities where it was found formerly. Additional information is needed to determine the status of four other taxa. Orconectes virilis (Hagen) occurs only in the East Branch of the Chagrin River. This stream should be investigated to determine if 0. rusticus is eliminating 0. virilis. Orconectes propinquus (Girard) apparently has been extirpated from the Maumee, Portage, Sandusky, and Rocky rivers. The status of this species in the Grand and Ashtabula rivers and Conneaut Creek is unknown. Orconectes sanbornii erismophorous Hobbs & Fitzpatrick has been collected from only one locality in the lower Scioto River basin. The taxonomic status and distribution of what has been called 0. juvenilis (Hagen) in Ohio needs special attention. This species is either 0. spinosus (Bundy) or a closely related undescribed species that has been collected, usually in small numbers, from the Little Miami River, lower Scioto River, and Eagle and Pine creeks in southern Ohio.Item Changes in an Ohio Prairie Soil as the Result of Cultivation(1986-09) Tomko, Sue Ellen; Hall, George F.A comparison between an undisturbed soil and an adjacent soil which has been under cultivation for 100 to 150 years showed significant differences in chemical, physical, and morphological properties. Additions of fertilizer and agricultural lime to the cultivated site significantly increased the amount of P and Ca in the surface and upper subsurface horizons. Available K increased in only the surface horizon. The addition of agricultural lime significantly increased the pH of the surface of the cultivated site to 6.7 compared to the undisturbed site which had a pH of 5.8. Organic C content of the surface horizon decreased as much as 58% in the cultivated site compared to the undisturbed site. Loss of organic C can be attributed to 1) enhanced microbial activity brought about by increased aeration of the surface horizon by tillage, and 2) deep plowing which can mix lower carbon subsurface materials into the surface. Alterations in the physical characteristics of the surface horizon were illustrated by change from a porous, moderate granular type structure in the uncultivated surface to a more massive, weak subangular blocky structure in the cultivated surface. Bulk density values also bore out this difference with a 16% increase in the cultivated surface horizon. The subsurface horizon exhibited similar trends. These physical changes can be attributed to tillage operations and loss of organic binding agents. The undisturbed site was classified as a Mollic Hapludalf, a soil influenced by prairie vegetation; the cultivated soil was classified as a Typic Hapludalf, having lost the properties associated with prairie vegetation. Thus, cultivation has also altered the taxonomic classification of the soil.Item The Central Ohio Scientific Association of Urbana (1874-78)(1986-09) Dexter, Ralph W.The Central Ohio Scientific Association was founded at Urbana University on 20 October 1874 by local professors, physicians, and amateur scientists. Officers were chosen and objectives were established. Four sections were created for: (1) Natural History and Geology, (2) Pioneer History and Archaeology, (3) Anthropology, and (4) Physics. The most important objects assembled for a museum were artifacts from local Indian mounds, and nearly all members of the society participated in that project. Papers were read at monthly meetings and a single issue of Proceedings was published in which a few of the papers were published in full. Women were elected as associate members, and several corresponding and honorary members were added to the roll. A cabinet and library were established. While the society was short lived, it stimulated considerable local activity, and gave an outlet for those in Central Ohio with an interest in science.Item Reproductive Performance and Condition of White-Tailed Deer in Ohio(1986-09) Stoll, Robert J., Jr.; Parker, William P.Information on reproductive performance and body condition in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was obtained in 1981-83 for the glaciated farmland and unglaciated hill country regions of Ohio. Uterine analysis of 275 farmland does and 129 hill country does showed that farmland fawns had a higher reproductive rate (0.85 fetus/doe) than did hill country fawn does (0.62 fetus/doe). Fetuses:doe ratios for yearlings (farmland = 1.89, hill country = 1.84) and adults (farmland = 1.85, hill country = 1.78) were similar and did not differ between regions. Most (>75%) pregnant fawn does carried only one fetus; most (>70%) yearling and adult does carried twins or had triplets. Fetal sex ratios differed from the expected 50:50 only for adult does from the farmland region (40% male fetuses). Does from Ohio's farmland region were consistently and significantly heavier, and yearling males had larger average antler beam diameter and more points than deer of the same sex and age from the hill country region. Body weights, antler characteristics, and reproductive rates for Ohio are typical of deer on a high nutritional plane, allowing white-tailed deer in both regions to approach full reproductive potential. A representative 100 does in the farmland and hill country regions could produce 147 and 140 fetuses, respectively. Because of regional age structure differences, a representative 100 deer of both sexes could produce 83 fetuses in both regions.Item The Suffield Fault, Stark County, Ohio(1986-09) Root, S. I.; MacWilliams, R. H.A ground-derived total intensity magnetic map of the Suffield fault, a western extension of the Transylvania fault zone, suggests a fault with a southwest dip of 80° or greater. Displacement history is uncertain, but may involve significant right-lateral wrenching at the time of early fault development. Subsequent movements may include normal faulting. Although principal fault movement is Permo- Pennsylvanian, displacement at the level of the Precambrian surface, inferred from the magnetic map, suggests significant Cambro-Ordovician faulting. Subsurface distribution patterns of Silurian to Mississippian units define minor syndepositional fault movements during accumulation of the Silurian Salina salts and again during deposition of the Mississippian Berea sands.Item Aspects of the Life History of the Tadpole Madtom, Noturus gyrinus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae), in Southern Illinois(1986-09) Whiteside, Lisa A.; Burr, Brooks M.Aspects of the life history of Noturus gyrinus were studied from collections and observations made at Dutchman Creek, Johnson County, Illinois, between 25 October 1982 and 21 April 1984, and from specimens collected from Silver and Sugar creeks, Clinton, Madison, and St. Clair counties, Illinois, in July and August, 1982. N. gyrinus grew in length at a decreasing rate and in weight at a nearly constant rate for at least three (females) or four years (males). The largest individuals observed were a 97.5-mm standard length (SL) male and a 78.1-mm SL female. Mean annual SL was not significantly different between sexes except that males were both longer and heavier than females at age 3 + . There were 4.5 times as many males as females at age 3+, although the overall sex ratio was nearly 1:1 in the total sample. Only 29% survived past their first year; 90.5% did not live past their second year. Individuals (78%) usually matured in two years (sexes combined), although about 5% of males and 17% of females matured in one year. Mature males were 55-mm SL or longer, and mature females 48-mm or longer at one year. Mature females examined for the presence of eggs ranged from 52.6 to 78.9-mm SL, and contained 48 to 323 (x = 151.3) mature ova. Lengths and weights of mature females 'were both significant (P < 0.05) predictors of the numbers of mature ova. Dipteran larvae (chironomids) and small crustaceans (mainly isopods) constituted the major portion of the annual diet of all size classes. Gut contents of five species of piscivorous fish were examined; no evidence of predation on N. gyrinus was found.Item Grooming Behavior in Embioptera and Zoraptera (Insecta)(1986-09) Valentine, Barry D.Embiid grooming (based on Oligembia (D.) vandykei Ross, and two unidentified species) includes five acts, all involving the mouth as the effector organ: Antenna Clean, Foreleg Clean, Midleg Clean, Hindleg Clean, and Abdomen Clean. Of these, only Antenna Clean is unusual because the antenna is unassisted by a foreleg, and is turned under the body and supported by the substrate as the head dips to reach it. Zorapteran grooming (Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell) includes 10 acts which can be performed in 13 ways. Alternate ways occur in Midleg Clean and Palpus Clean. The remaining eight acts are: Antenna Clean, Foreleg Clean, Hindleg Clean, Abdomen Clean, Antenna-Foreleg Rub, Head-Foreleg Rub, Body-Foreleg Rub, and Body-Substrate Rub. Modes unknown in other insects occur in Midleg Clean (with both forelegs raised), and Abdomen Clean (body forming a closed upside-down U, on a 4-point stance, the forelegs raised). Grooming behavior of embiids and zorapterans does not suggest relationships with other insect orders, and emphasizes their isolation.Item Geographic Variation of Longevity in Ohio, 1930 and 1980(1986-09) Swanson, David A.; Stockwell, Edward G.At broad levels (i.e., urban and rural, north and south, state-by-state), variations in longevity have been recorded over time in the United States and elsewhere. However, there is little information on life expectancy variation for specific small areas such as cities and suburbs over time. This is understandable because life expectancy is usually calculated by constructing a life table which has rigorous requirements not usually met by published data for small areas. In this paper, we use a regression-based technique to estimate life expectancy in 1930 and 1980 for selected cities and their suburbs as well as rural counties in Ohio. We examine the variation and changes in life expectancy through multivariate analysis, and find that while differences have narrowed between 1930 and 1980, significant variations in longevity persist among suburban, urban, and rural areas in Ohio.Item Terbium Luminescence from Complexes of Angiotensin II, Small Peptides, and Amino Acids(1986-09) Miller, Theodore L.; Bennet, Loren W.; Spatz, Dana S.Lanthanide ions have been successfully used as luminescent probes in several biological systems. The terbium (Tb) luminescence is greatly enhanced in Tb(III)-protein systems by non-radiative energy transfer from aromatic chromophores to bound Tb3+ ions. In this study, the luminescent properties of terbium have been used to monitor the metal-peptide interactions of angiotensin II, a linear octopeptide hormone (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe). The terbium luminescence was enhanced when the metal-complex was excited at either 259 nm or 280 nm (Phe and Tyr absorption bands, respectively). The results from a series of experiments with amino acids and small peptides show that the terbium luminescence from the Tb-Ang II complex is about the same as observed for a Tb-Phe complex when excited at 259 nm, but only 34% of the value of a Tb-Tyr complex excited at 280 nm. These results confirm the structural model of angiotensin II and show that the low enhancement of the terbium luminescence in peptide and amino acid complexes is due to weak binding and not poor energy transfer.Item The Evolution-Creation Controversy: Opinions from Students at a “Liberal” Liberal Arts College(1986-09) Zimmerman, MichaelA questionnaire dealing with selected issues in the evolution-creation debate was distributed to 362 students at Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. Because the survey was originally developed and distributed at Ohio State University, comparisons could be made between university students and individuals enrolled in a small, highly selective liberal arts college. Most Oberlin students claim that they believe in evolutionary theory (89%) and recognize both that it has a solid scientific foundation (88%) and that most scientists accept its scientific validity (92%). Over one-half of the students surveyed (56%) thought, however, that creationism should be introduced into the public schools. At the same time, over one-half of those surveyed (60%) also felt that such an introduction into the public schools would constitute the teaching of religious principles. A very small fraction of the respondents had a sophisticated view of evolution (7%), but many (68%) were able to identify various components of natural selection. Evolutionary sophistication and rejection of creationism increased as a function of the amount of biology instruction received. The Oberlin students differed from the Ohio State students in that significantly more of the former: 1) accepted evolutionary theory; 2) recognized that teaching creationism in the public schools means introducing religion there; 3) were taught evolutionary theory in high school; and 4) accept the fact that scientists consider evolutionary theory to be valid. The results suggest that large numbers of people are ignorant of the specifics of both evolutionary theory and creation science and, therefore, are susceptible to the creationist argument that keeping creationism out of the classroom is an infringement of academic freedom and freedom of speech.Item Front Matter(1986-09)