Buckeye East Asian Linguistics 4 (BEAL 4)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/87678

This fourth volume of Buckeye East Asian Linguistics is the proceedings of the Third Buckeye East Asian Linguistics Forum, which was held at The Ohio State University on October 22, 2018. The first two papers, by Professors Thomas Hun-Tak Lee and Richard VanNess Simmons respectively, and the abstract by Professor Yasuhiro Shirai, are based on the three keynote speeches, and the remaining five papers are those submitted out of 17 posters presented in the Forum.

ISSN 2378-9387

Front Matter
pp. i-iv
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The use of child language in linguistic argumentation: Some methodological considerations
Lee, Thomas Hun-tak pp. 1-20
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The current state of the Aspect Hypothesis
Shirai, Yasuhiro pp. 21-22
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Northern and Southern variations on a theme: Notes on the Mandarin koiné of Qīng China
Simmons, Richard VanNess pp. 23-34
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A corpus-based study of Chinese RVC qilai and its interaction with state predicates
Cherici, Alessia pp. 35-45
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Correspondence between the Korean and Mandarin Chinese pronunciations of Chinese characters: A comparison at the sub-syllabic level
Luo, Xiao; Yang, Yike; Sun, Jing; Chen, Nuo pp. 46-56
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The Sino-Korean influence on Middle Korean vowel harmony: A usage-based perspective
de Roulet, Eric D. pp. 57-68
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Chinese cleft constructions: Micro-parametric 'lateral' grammaticalization
Tse, Keith pp. 69-78
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On the use of futsū-ni 'ordinarily/usually' with a new twist
Wakita, Saori pp. 79-89
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

Front Matter (Volume 4, 2019)
(Ohio State University. Libraries, 2019-05)
The use of child language in linguistic argumentation: Some methodological considerations
(Ohio State University. Libraries, 2019-05) Lee, Thomas Hun-tak
Two types of linguistic evidence are generally used in linguistic argumentation: internal evidence and external evidence, the former including the distribution of linguistic forms and the syntactic/semantic properties of various representations, and the latter drawing data from child language, language change, language processing, and language disorders. On one level, child language data can provide illustrations, explications, and interpretations of a particular linguistic theory; on another level, child language can provide an empirical basis for linguistic analysis, confirming a particular theory or hypothesis, and in turn facilitate the construction of linguistic theory through the discovery of new regularities. This paper reviews a number of classic studies to observe how child language data should be used in linguistic argumentation, with an aim to explore methodological requirements. The interaction between child language evidence and linguistic argumentation is complex, and one cannot simply rely on the relative precedence or relative difficulty of particular forms as crucial evidence for a particular analysis. Specifically, this paper will critically assess the claim that child language supports the recent syntactic proposal that verbs are a subclass of nouns in Chinese, pointing out its inadequacies and its invalidity.
The current state of the Aspect Hypothesis
(Ohio State University. Libraries, 2019-05) Shirai, Yasuhiro
This talk outlines the current state of the Aspect Hypothesis (Andersen and Shirai 1994, Shirai and Andersen 1995), which predicts that learners are strongly influenced by lexical aspect in acquiring tense and aspect markers in L1 and L2; namely, past perfective markers are associated with telic verbs (achievements and accomplishments) while general imperfective markers are associated with atelic verbs (states and activities) and progressive markers with activity verbs. Although there has been a general agreement on this association patterns as a universal tendency (e.g., Shirai, Slobin, and Weist 1998, Andersen and Shirai 1994, Shirai 2009), explanations for these tendencies are still controversial. It is argued that the cases that go against the predicted tendencies — namely, Inuktitut (Swift 2004) in L1 and Japanese (Ishida 2004), Spanish (Salaberry 1999), Mandarin Chinese (Tong and Shirai 2016), and Russian (Martelle 2011) in L2 — support the input-based explanation (i.e., the Distributional Bias Hypothesis, Andersen 1993, Andersen and Shirai 1996) rather than nativist explanations (e.g. Bickerton 1981).
Northern and Southern variations on a theme: Notes on the Mandarin koiné of Qīng China
(Ohio State University. Libraries, 2019-05) Simmons, Richard VanNess
This paper examines two Qīng period records of the Guānhuà for what they reveal about the Mandarin koiné during that dynasty, especially with regard to Mandarin spoken in south China: the Kāngxī Dictionary and Gāo Jìngtíng's Zhèngyīn cuōyào. The Kāngxī Dictionary provides us with a Mandarin rime table that illustrates evidence for the prestige Mandarin pronunciation of the early Qīng, which turns out not to have been based on Beijing phonology. Gāo Jìngtíng's book was the first indigenous textbook of Mandarin and contains many passages that provide fascinating glimpses of language use in urban areas along the corridors of travel between Guǎngzhōu and Běijīng, as well as a rather detailed presentation of the phonology of the Mandarin of his day. Taken together, these two sources reveal much about the history of Mandarin in south during Qīng. They are witnesses that allow us to sketch out an outline of the phonology of Qīng Mandarin and identify its most salient characteristics.
A Corpus-based Study of Chinese RVC qilai and Its Interaction with State Predicates
(Ohio State University. Libraries, 2019-05) Cherici, Alessia
This study expands on Xiao and McEnery's (2004) theory of aspect by investigating the interaction of qilai, whose main function is that of directional Resultative Verb Complement (RVC) meaning 'up/upward,' with verbal aspect and situation types. One hundred and fifty utterance featuring states, i.e. adjectival predicates, co-occurring with qilai were examined from lexical, sentential, and pragmatic perspectives. The data were retrieved from the Weibo collection included in the BCC Corpus (Beijing Language & Culture University Corpus Center). The survey revealed that when adjectival predicates occur with qilai, they undergo a situation-type change, from states to processes, therefore qilai should not be considered only an inceptive marker focusing on initial point, ingressive dynamicity and continuity, as proposed by Xiao and McEnery, but perhaps also a "situation-type-change marker." This study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the rather understudied structure 'adjectival predicate + qilai,' which is employed almost exclusively in colloquial registers.
Correspondence between the Korean and Mandarin Chinese pronunciations of Chinese characters: A comparison at the sub-syllabic level
(Ohio State University. Libraries, 2019-05) Luo, Xiao; Yang, Yike; Sun, Jing; Chen, Nuo
This study explores the corresponding relationship of Chinese characters’ pronunciations between modern Mandarin Chinese and modern Korean at the subsyllabic level and investigates the applicability of such correspondence in learning and reading Korean as a second language (L2) by native (L1) Mandarin Chinese speakers. Correspondence between Korean and Mandarin Chinese initial consonants and that between Korean -V(C) structures and Chinese finals were calculated based on the 1,800 Chinese characters for educational purposes in South Korea. Our results demonstrated that Korean initial consonants had either consistent or inconsistent correspondence with their Mandarin Chinese counterparts. In addition, this study proved that pure comparisons of vowels between the two languages are not reliable. Instead, the comparison between Korean -V(C) structures and Chines finals could be more practical. Ninety percent of the high frequency Chinese characters in Korean can be inferred to corresponding Chinese pronunciations based on the data provided in this study.
The Sino-Korean influence on Middle Korean vowel harmony: A usage-based perspective
(Ohio State University. Libraries, 2019-05) de Roulet, Eric D.
While Early Middle Korean (EMK) exhibited highly productive vowel harmony, including harmony within word stems and harmonic alternations for many of its case particles, these rules have become less productive and applicable to fewer phonological contexts from Late Middle Korean (LMK) onward. Language-internal changes have been correctly identified as one motivator for these rule reductions, yet the role of the extensive Sino-Korean lexicon in sound changes in LMK has not been thoroughly explored. Recent work in usage-based functionalism indicates that speakers infer and ultimately construct the rules of their language by inferring patterns from their accumulated linguistic data and experiences. It is argued here that as the local schema of non-harmonic Sino-Korean loans grew in prominence, these loans began to interfere with native speakers' inference of earlier harmonic rules, and said rules were relaxed; Sino-Korean loans were not merely exceptions to existing harmonic rules but catalysts of broader harmonic change.
Chinese cleft constructions: Microparametric 'lateral' grammaticalization
(Ohio State University. Libraries, 2019-05) Tse, Keith
Historical-comparative analysis of Chinese cleft constructions shows that all Chinese dialects use the copula to select and assign focus to its clausal complement headed by the nominal particle (de (的) in Mandarin or ge (個/嘅) in southern dialects. However, there are micro-variations in that Mandarin de can either occur in sentence-final position (VOde) or as a verbal suffix (VdeO), whereas dialectal ge can only occur sentence-finally (VOge) and not elsewhere (*VgeO). This suggests that Mandarin de and dialectal ge are not identical. Indeed, their etymological roots indicate that while both are nominal elements, de and its original form di (底) do not have inherent deixis or quantificational force whereas ge being derived from the general classifier ge (個) does, which pre-empts its reanalysis as a clausal element. The dialectal distribution of Chinese clefts allows us to refine Simpson and Wu's (2002) 'lateral' grammaticalization.
On the use of futsū-ni 'ordinarily/usually' with a new twist
(Ohio State University. Libraries, 2019-05) Wakita, Saori
This study deals with expressions containing the adverb futsū-ni 'ordinarily/usually' in Japanese. In the last decade this adverb gained more meanings that it did not have before. This expanded meaning of futsū-ni has become extremely common among relatively young people. This study tries to find out some of the meanings that this adverb can include by using corpus data and a questionnaire. The results indicate that this new use of futsū-ni has been utilized in a statement that is made with a reason, cause, or situation that is believed to be common to most people in the language community.

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Buckeye East Asian Linguistics 4 (BEAL 4)

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