Empirical Musicology Review: Volume 3, Number 2 (2008)

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Empirical Musicology Review Vol. 3, No. 2, 2008

Issue DOI: https://doi.org/10.18061/1811/81084

The Perception and Cognition of Time in Balinese Music
McGraw, Andrew Clay pp. 38-54
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Commentary on "The Perception and Cognition of Time in Balinese Music” by Andrew Clay McGraw
Cross, Ian; Gill, Satinder; Knight, Sarah; Nash, Chris; Rabinowitch, Tal-Chen; Slobodian, Lydia; Spiro, Neta; Woodruff, Ghofur; Woolhouse, Matthew pp. 55-58
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A Comparison of Average Pitch Height and Interval Size in Major- and Minor-key Themes: Evidence Consistent with Affect-related Pitch Prosody
Huron, David pp. 59-63
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A Comparison of Dynamics in Major- and Minor-key Works
Turner, Ben; Huron, David pp. 64-68
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Commentary on "Asynchronous Preparation of Tonally Fused Intervals in Polyphonic Music" by David Huron
Wright, James pp. 69-72
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Web-based versus Lab-based Studies:A Response to Kendall (2008)
Honing, Henkjan; Reips, Ulf-Dietrich pp. 73-77
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Manolete Mora, Myth, Mimesis and Magic in the Music of the T'boli, Philippines. Manila: Atenuo Press, 2005. ISBN 971-550-493-0 (paperback).
McNeil, Adrian pp. 78-79
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Announcements
Thompson, William Forde pp. 80-81
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    Announcements
    (Empirical Musicology Review, 2008-04) Thompson, William Forde
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    Web-based versus Lab-based Studies:A Response to Kendall (2008)
    (Empirical Musicology Review, 2008-04) Honing, Henkjan; Reips, Ulf-Dietrich
    While in an earlier commentary (Honing & Ladinig, 2008) we stressed the potential of Web-delivered experiments for music perception research, the ongoing discussion on Web-based versus lab-based studies seems to circle around issues of method and control (Mehler, 1999; Kendall, 2008). We agree with the importance of these issues from a methodological point of view. However, we continue to stress that these issues are not essentially different for Web-based as compared to lab-based studies.
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    Commentary on "Asynchronous Preparation of Tonally Fused Intervals in Polyphonic Music" by David Huron
    (Empirical Musicology Review, 2008-04) Wright, James
    In his most recent contribution to an important and well-framed series of papers on auditory grouping and the perception of polyphonic music, David Huron seeks further evidence for his working hypothesis that J.S. Bach controls the employment of perfect consonances by desynchronizing their onsets, thereby inhibiting the perceptual fusion of polyphonic voices. However the more novel contribution of the present study would seem to be its demonstration that Bach also regulates the employment of dissonant tones by consistently desynchronizing their onsets. This finding provides the first concrete evidence for Wright and Bregman’s otherwise untested hypothesis that the control and salience of dissonance in polyphonic music are closely related to principles of auditory stream segregation (Wright, 1986; Wright & Bregman, 1987).
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    A Comparison of Dynamics in Major- and Minor-key Works
    (Empirical Musicology Review, 2008-04) Turner, Ben; Huron, David
    An analysis of dynamic markings in 24 paired preludes in major and minor keys shows that the minor mode is associated with a generally lower dynamic level than the major mode. The results are consistent with observations in speech prosody, where sad or depressed speakers show reduced acoustic energy compared with normal or happy speakers.
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    A Comparison of Average Pitch Height and Interval Size in Major- and Minor-key Themes: Evidence Consistent with Affect-related Pitch Prosody
    (Empirical Musicology Review, 2008-04) Huron, David
    An analysis of 9,788 instrumental themes shows that minor-key themes are, on average, slightly lower in pitch than major-key themes. The lower pitch is not merely an artifact of structural differences in the scales. In addition, instrumental themes in minor keys show a weak though significant tendency to use smaller pitch intervals. Both results are consistent with observations in speech prosody, where sad speakers exhibit a lower F0 and narrower pitch fluctuation compared with normal or happy speakers.
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    Commentary on "The Perception and Cognition of Time in Balinese Music" by Andrew Clay McGraw
    (Empirical Musicology Review, 2008-04) Cross, Ian; Gill, Satinder; Knight, Sarah; Nash, Chris; Rabinowitch, Tal-Chen; Slobodian, Lydia; Spiro, Neta; Woodruff, Ghofur; Woolhouse, Matthew
    We review the paper by Andrew Clay McGraw, noting that it represents an interesting and valuable contribution to the study of music in cognition in its informed exploration of non-western musical perceptions. We raise a number of concerns about the methods used, and make suggestions as to how the issues that were empirically addressed in the paper might have been tackled in ways that would have enhanced the interpretability of its findings.
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    The Perception and Cognition of Time in Balinese Music
    (Empirical Musicology Review, 2008-04) McGraw, Andrew Clay
    This article describes experiments designed to determine the perception and cognition of time-in-music among Balinese gamelan musicians. Three topics are discussed. First, the proposed connections between cultural/religious concepts of time and the construction of (time in) gamelan music are explored. Here a novel and experimental use of the Implicit Association Test is incorporated to explore potential implicit (unconscious) connections between concepts of time-in-music and time-in-general. Only weak associations are found. Second, the author explores music’s influence in subjects’ ability to gauge objective durations. Other than a tendency for Balinese subjects to consistently underestimate actual timings, and the potential for tempo changes to influence response patterns in specific ways, few strong patterns are found. Third, previously proposed models for the performance of tempo changes (here, rallentandos) are explored in the context of gamelan music. Results from perceptual tasks and an analysis of performance suggests that previous idealized models are too simplistic to describe the Balinese case.