Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 74, Issue 3 (May, 1974)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/22017

Front Matter
pp. 0
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Effects of Potato Beetle Hemolymph Injections on Physiological Responses in the Albino Rat
Gesinski, Raymond M.; Rice, Stanley D.; Parker, Reno; Poder, Thomas C.; McClelland, Sam R.; Decarlo, Robert L. pp. 145-150
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Fatty Acids of Roots of Selected Species
Mitchell, R.; MacLanahan J.; Hurt, D.; Dalgarn, D. S.; Newman, D. W. pp. 150-154
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The Effect of Sewage-Treatment-Plant Effluent on Diatom Communities in the North Branch of the Portage River, Wood County, Ohio
Lowe, Rex L.; McCullough, J. Michael pp. 154-161
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Re-Evaluation of the Effects of Man-Made Modifications on Gordon Creek Between 1887 and 1973 and Especially as Regards its Fish Fauna
Trautman, Milton B.; Gartman, Donald K. pp. 162-173
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Mississippian Discinid Brachiopods Attached to a Soft-Bodied Organism
Richards, R. Peter pp. 174-181
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Possible Origin of Unexpectedly High Alkalinities in Quartz Sands of High Dunes at Warren Dunes State Park, Michigan
Forsyth, Jane L.; Hamilton, Ernest S. pp. 182-184
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Studies of the Gyponinae: The Genus Acuera (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
DeLong, Dwight M.; Freytag, Paul H. pp. 185-200
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Effects of Temperature on the Metabolic Pattern of Incorporation of 14C by the Moss Dicranum Scoparium Incubated with Acetate-2-14C
Wu, Pei-Hsing Lin pp. 200-208
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Back Matter
(1974-05)
Effects of Temperature on the Metabolic Pattern of Incorporation of 14C by the Moss Dicranum Scoparium Incubated with Acetate-2-14C
(1974-05) Wu, Pei-Hsing Lin
Mosses (Dicranum scoparium) preconditioned at both high (12°-22°C) and low (0°- 10°C) ambient temperature ranges, and studied at incubation temperatures of 5°C or 22°C respectively, actively metabolized acetate-2-14C. These plants malic, citric, aspartic, and glutamic acids became highly radioactive. The radioactivity was followed by solubility, column- and thin-layer chromatography, radioautography, and liquid scintillation spectrometric determinations. A change in incubation temperature brought about a qualitative change of the 14C-incorporation within each metabolic pool. This qualitative change was expressed by a shift in relative radio-activity within each pool. The shifts of labeling were particularly noticeable among such individual compounds as aspartic, glutamic, malic, citric acids, glutamine, dextrose, and two lipid-fatty acid components. The data suggest that temperature affects those biochemical processes that involve the compounds which showed a shift in radioactivity. Hence, it implies that biochemical processes are closely associated with temperature changes. This study indicates that not only are Kreb cycle acids actively metabolized in mosses, but the amount found is associated with temperature changes.
Studies of the Gyponinae: The Genus Acuera (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
(1974-05) DeLong, Dwight M.; Freytag, Paul H.
The neotropical genus Acuera DeLong and Freytag is reviewed. It includes 3 new subgenera, Acuera, Tortusana, and P arcana, and 21 species as follows: A. (A.) ads per sa (Stal), A. (A.) inlustra n.sp., A. (A.) laudara n.sp., A. (A.) nigrifrons (Osborn), A. (A.) prodiga n.sp., A. (A.) culmena n.sp., A. (A.) menaca n.sp., A. (A.) incepta n.sp., A. (A.) levara n.sp., A. (P.) ultima n.sp., A. (P.) gloma n.sp., A. (P.) facera n.sp., A. (P.) patula n.sp., A. (P.) nama n.sp., A. (P.) spreta (Fowler), A. (P.) concilia n.sp., A. (P.) atitlana (Fowler), A. (P.) extaran.sp., A. (P.) mimica n.sp., A. (T.) angera n.sp., and A. (T.) fructa n.sp. A key to the subgenera and species is presented as well as illustrations of the genital structures of the known males and females.
Possible Origin of Unexpectedly High Alkalinities in Quartz Sands of High Dunes at Warren Dunes State Park, Michigan
(1974-05) Forsyth, Jane L.; Hamilton, Ernest S.
Unexpectedly high pH values (generally 7.9), encountered on loose dune sand and sandy soils on the Warren Dunes of southwest Michigan, were identified initially by the presence of certain lime-loving tree species (hackberry, hoptree, red cedar). Earlier workers (Kurz, 1923; Olson, 1958) had recognized this condition, though their published values do not exceed pH 7.G5, and had explained it as being due to carbonate grains, originating in till of wave-cut cliffs, being blown with the quartz sand up onto the dunes. Microscopic analysis of dune sand revealed less than two percent carbonates, so this method is not believed to be adequate to produce the high pH values. A better theory is that spray from Lake Michigan (pH 8.2-8.4), blown up onto the dunes by strong west winds, especially during winter storms, evaporates, leaving a precipitate of dissolved carbonate on the sand grains; the precipitate may subsequently be redissolved, moved downward, and reprecipitated by rainwater. Actually both processes probably contribute to the high alkalinities, but, for pH values of 7.9, most of the carbonate is believed to come from the lake's alkaline, wind-transported spray.
Mississippian Discinid Brachiopods Attached to a Soft-Bodied Organism
(1974-05) Richards, R. Peter
A concretion from the lower Mississippian Meadville Shale Member of the CuyahogaFormation near Lodi, Ohio, preserves a population of Orbiculoidea newberryi Hall in life position, associated with what is interpreted to be an unidentified soft-bodied organism. The brachipods show a diffuse unimodal orientation, parallel to the axis of the host organism, in what was probably an upward direction during the life of the group. Recruitment to the assemblage apparently was periodic. Two size classes, perhaps representing yearly recruitment, contain about equal number of individuals. Most individuals were attached to the soft-bodied organism, but six of the nine smaller specimens were attached to adults of the species. The assemblage is similar to recent discinid assemblages from quiet water and suggests a continuity of basic life style throughout a major part of the fossil record.
Re-Evaluation of the Effects of Man-Made Modifications on Gordon Creek Between 1887 and 1973 and Especially as Regards its Fish Fauna
(1974-05) Trautman, Milton B.; Gartman, Donald K.
Gordon Creek, a tributary of the Maumee River in northwestern Ohio, was investigated by Meek in 1887, by Trautman 1929-38, by the personnel of the Ohio Division of Wildlife between 1954 and 1973, and by Trautman and Gartman in 1973. Dredging and ditching in this area were begun about 1850, continuing until the present, with major channelization occurring in 1935. Channelization, together with the effects of dams and pollution, has had a major effect on the fish species present in this stream.
The Effect of Sewage-Treatment-Plant Effluent on Diatom Communities in the North Branch of the Portage River, Wood County, Ohio
(1974-05) Lowe, Rex L.; McCullough, J. Michael
The North Branch of the Portage River was sampled by means of artificial substrates in order to determine the effect of sewage-treatment-plant effluent on the diatom communities. The effluent appears to be a source of nitrogen and phosphorus for the river. Diatom-community composition appears to be affected by the effluent; Gomphonema parvulum, in particular, was especially abundant at stations with a high content of Poe Ditch effluent. A total of 111 diatom taxa was observed in this study; 24 of these taxa were previously unreported from Ohio.
Fatty Acids of Roots of Selected Species
(1974-05) Mitchell, R.; MacLanahan J.; Hurt, D.; Dalgarn, D. S.; Newman, D. W.
In order to interpret the structural and functional roles of the lipids in roots, the composition of the lipids of these organs must be determined. A survey was made of the fatty-acid composition of roots of selected crop species. Seeds were germinated under sterile conditions; the lipids were extracted from the roots, methyl ester were prepared of the fatty acids, and the fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Two groups of plants were found—one which contained larger percentages of linoleic acid in the roots and another which contained larger percentages of linolenic acid. In both groups the most abundant saturated fatty acid was palmitic. The fatty acids of tissue samples taken at different distances from the tip of the root were determined. It was found that the amount and relative percentages of the individual fatty acids varied developmentally. The fatty acids of major lipid classes of corn roots (Zea mays L.) were determined. Most of the fatty acids were esterified in the phospholipids. Apparently the glycolipids are only minor constituents of the lipids of roots. This is in contrast to the lipid composition of photosynthetic tissues in which the glycolipids are major constituents.
Effects of Potato Beetle Hemolymph Injections on Physiological Responses in the Albino Rat
(1974-05) Gesinski, Raymond M.; Rice, Stanley D.; Parker, Reno; Poder, Thomas C.; McClelland, Sam R.; Decarlo, Robert L.
The hemolymph of both the potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and the false potato beetle, Leptinotarsa juncta, injected intraperitoneally into white rats produced deviant physiological responses. Monitoring showed a decrease in injected rats' temperatures. Injected rats showed an increase in serum glucose and serum urea. An increase in the serum-enzyme activity of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminace, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase also occurred. Fluctuations in serum ions showed a decrease in sodium concentration, but an increase in levels of potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. Beetle-hemolymph injections appeared to cause a change in the rats' hemic tissue intergrity. Perturbation of the hemic integrity resulted in a state of shock which resembled anaphylactic shock.
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(1974-05)

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