Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 87, Issue 4 (September, 1987)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/22094

Front Matter
pp. 0
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (817KB)

Butterflies that are Endangered, Threatened, and of Special Concern in Ohio
Shuey, John A.; Calhoun, John V.; Iftner, David C. pp. 98-106
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (1038KB)

Effects of Alparazolam and Triazolam on Isolation-Induced Aggression in Rats
Plummer, Howard K., III; Holt, Imy V. pp. 107-111
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (417KB)

VA Mycorrhizal Colonization and Spore Populations in an Abandoned Agricultural Field after Five Years of Sludge Application
Arnold, P. T.; Kapustka, Lawrence. A. pp. 112-114
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (358KB)

The Evolution-Creation Controversy: Opinions of Ohio High School Biology Teachers
Zimmerman, Michael pp. 115-125
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (1221KB)

Blackbird and Startling Feeding Behavior on Ripening Corn Ears
Bernhardt, Glen E.; Van Allsburg, Lynda; Dolbeer, Richard A. pp. 125-129
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (556KB)

Mammals of Southern Clermont County, Ohio with Notes on the Food Habits of Four Species of Bats
Brack, Virgil, Jr.; Finni, Gary pp. 130-133
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (1048KB)

Annotated List of Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Two Ohio Fens with a Description of a New Chlorotettix
Cwikla, Paul S. pp. 134-137
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (402KB)

Brief Note Blockage of Immune Serum-Mediated Inhibition of Growth of Plasmodium falciparum by Absorption with P. falciparum Antigens
Hurley, Richard; Kreier, Julius P. pp. 137-139
Article description | Article Full Text PDF (336KB)

Book Reviews
pp. 140-140
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Back Matter
(1987-09)
Book Reviews
(1987-09)
Brief Note Blockage of Immune Serum-Mediated Inhibition of Growth of Plasmodium falciparum by Absorption with P. falciparum Antigens
(1987-09) Hurley, Richard; Kreier, Julius P.
This report describes a microtiter system that should be useful for making preliminary determinations of which components of plasmodia may be useful as vaccines. The system is based on antigenmediated blockage of inhibition of plasmodial growth in culture by immune serum. The necessity for a quantitative approach to the analysis is emphasized if reproducible results are to be obtained.
Annotated List of Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Two Ohio Fens with a Description of a New Chlorotettix
(1987-09) Cwikla, Paul S.
Leafhoppers from Springfield and Prairie Road Fens, Clark County, Ohio, were surveyed in 1986. Sixty-eight species, representing 14 subfamilies, were recorded from these two fens, including a new state record. In addition, a new species, previously confused with Chlorotettix limosus DeLong and Cartwright, is described.
Mammals of Southern Clermont County, Ohio with Notes on the Food Habits of Four Species of Bats
(1987-09) Brack, Virgil, Jr.; Finni, Gary
The mammals of wood and openland habitats adjacent to the Ohio River were sampled during May, June, July, and October 1984 using mist nets and live, pit, and snap traps. Four species of bats were netted; 13 species of large mammals, or their sign, were observed; and eight species of small mammals were trapped. Snap trap and live trap success was greatest in red cedar upland and immature upland forests, respectively. Pit trap success was greatest in recently disturbed areas. Species diversity was greatest for all three trap methods in recently disturbed areas. Food habitats of bats were determined via fecal analysis. Moths and beetles were the primary prey of 12 red bats; big brown bats ate beetles. A juvenile hoary bat, the first recorded from Clermont County, ate largely lace wings; an eastern pipistrelle was more of a generalist, eating moths, beetles, flies, caddisflies, leaf hoppers, and ants.
Blackbird and Startling Feeding Behavior on Ripening Corn Ears
(1987-09) Bernhardt, Glen E.; Van Allsburg, Lynda; Dolbeer, Richard A.
The behavior of red-winged blackbirds {Agelaius phoemcei/s), common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and juvenile European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) feeding on ears of corn was studied in an aviary. The species differed significantly in their propensity to attack (penetrate the husk and feed on kernels) ears of corn. Redwings and starlings were more active attackers than grackles and cowbirds. Female redwings were generally more active attackers than males, but less efficient at opening husks and damaging ears. Redwings and starlings used primarily the gaping technique to penetrate husks and expose kernels. Redwings more commonly penetrated the side of the husk, whereas starlings gaped through the silk channel. Grackles did not gape; rather they pecked through the husk, keeping the bill closed. Cowbirds used gaping, but were the least efficient at penetrating the husk. The findings of this study suggest that by increasing the thickness and strength of the husks and the extension of the husk beyond the ear tip, varieties of corn can be made more resistant to damage by birds.
The Evolution-Creation Controversy: Opinions of Ohio High School Biology Teachers
(1987-09) Zimmerman, Michael
This study presents the results of a 19-item questionnaire distributed to all high school biology departments in the state of Ohio. The results indicated that Ohio high school biology teachers are far more likely to support the teaching of evolution, and far less likely to support the teaching of creationism than is the public at large. Most biology courses in the state include some evolutionary component. There is also reasonably strong sentiment against the teaching of creationism in the public schools. The amount and quality of that evolutionary teaching, however, are apparently well below the ideal. Teachers are not particularly sophisticated in their understanding of evolutionary theory; only a little over one-half of them feel that the theory itself is testable. Almost three-fourths of the teachers recognize, however, that creationism is not based on a solid scientific foundation. Approximately 10% of them have experienced pressure from pro-creationism forces either to remove evolution from the curriculum or to install a creation component. Pro-evolutionary forces are much less active. Teachers favoring religion and prayer in the public schools are significantly more likely to teach creationism in their biology courses than those opposed.
VA Mycorrhizal Colonization and Spore Populations in an Abandoned Agricultural Field after Five Years of Sludge Application
(1987-09) Arnold, P. T.; Kapustka, Lawrence A.
The effects of five years of sewage sludge application on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi were studied. The commercially produced sludge, Milorganite, has been applied to plots monthly during growing seasons since 1978. Urea-phosphate fertilizer was applied to other plots, with still others containing no nutrient amendment. The VAM spore counts, along with root colonization percentages of Cirsium arvense and Barbarea vulgarus grown in field plots and bioassay plants (corn and geranium) grown in a glasshouse, all showed little or no difference between the sludge-amended and unamended plots. Depressed VAM spore populations and colonization occurred in urea-phosphate fertilizer. Non-VAM fungal populations were higher in the sludge-amended plots than in the other treatments. The VAM colonization levels of the test plants were not hindered by the toxic metals in the sludge-amended soils after five years of Milorganite addition.
Effects of Alparazolam and Triazolam on Isolation-Induced Aggression in Rats
(1987-09) Plummer, Howard K., III; Holt, Imy V.
The efficacy of two new benzodiazepine tranquilizers, alprazolam and triazolam, in the reduction of aggression produced in rats by isolation was tested. Rats were isolated for at least three weeks. They were then placed in a cage with another rat, and aggressive and submissive behaviors that occurred were noted. Several of the behaviors were changed by either alprazolam or triazolam. Aggressive behaviors of thrust, attack, offensive upright, and offensive sideways were decreased; bite was increased. The submissive behavior of defensive sideways was decreased, whereas crouch and freeze were increased. Reduction in aggression seems consistent with results for other benzodiazepine tranquilizers such as diazepam and chlordiazepoxide.
Butterflies that are Endangered, Threatened, and of Special Concern in Ohio
(1987-09) Shuey, John A.; Calhoun, John V.; Iftner, David C.
Four butterflies are endangered in Ohio. Three of these, Erynnis persius (Scudder), Incisalia irus (Godart), and Lycaeides melissa samuelis Nabokov, are restricted to the Oak Openings and use Lupinus perennis L. as the larval host. These species require early successional habitats and have probably declined since fire was eliminated as a factor in the ecology of the Oak Openings. The fourth endangered species, Calepbelis muticum McAlpine, is currently known from two fens in west-central Ohio. The single threatened species, Boloria selene (Denis and Shiffermuller) was once widespread in Ohio, but is now known from only three or four counties. Species of special concern occupy very limited ranges (Pyrgus centaureae wyandot [Edwards}, Euchloe olympia [Edwards], Satyrium edwardsii [Grote and Robinson], and Speyeria idalia [Drury]). Extirpated species include Neonympha mitchellii French, Pieris napi L., and Speyeria diana (Cramer). Several species {Erynnis lucilius {Scudder and Burgess], Amblyscirtes belli Freeman, Pontia protodice [Boisduval and LeConte], Erora laeta [W. H. Edwards], Lycaena epixanthe [Boisduval and LeConte], and Phyciodes pascoensis Wright) are vaguely recorded from Ohio, but could be very rare residents deserving protected status once more of their biology is known. Two major threats to butterfly diversity in Ohio are identifiable. Uncontrolled succession in the Oak Openings may eliminate those species that require the unique, early successional communities found there. Widespread insecticide application for gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar [L.]) control in southern Ohio could negatively impact sensitive butterfly populations and other sensitive anthropods.
Front Matter
(1987-09)

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