38th Hayes Advanced Research Forum (March, 2024)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/103746

Arts
1st place: Dillon, Lucile
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2nd place: Chivington, Lauren
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3rd place: Gedanke Flaksberg, Dominique
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Biological Sciences
1st place: Hoskins, Emily
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2nd place: Coffman, Electra
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3rd place: Rushforth, Rebekah
Submission in process

Business
1st place: Haltman, Cory
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2nd place: Shen, Mingnan
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3rd place: Rathjens, Jacob
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Education & Human Ecology
1st place: Lee, Zhi Jie
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2nd place: Thomas, Carrie Anne
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3rd place: Han, Dasom
Submission in process

Engineering
1st place: Connell, Rosalie
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2nd place: McClanahan, Gregory
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3rd place: Fietek, Carter
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FAES
1st place: Tatum, Jaden
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2nd place: Yan, Ming
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3rd place: Quijia-Pillajo, Juan
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Health Sciences
1st place: Ouyang, Lingyu
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2nd place: Dharmadhikari, Sayali
Submission in process
3rd place: Pax, Kazune
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Humanities
1st place: Holroyd, Deanna
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2nd place: Lu, Ai Ling
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3rd place: Ortiz Ramirez, Pedro Antonio
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Mathematical & Physical Sciences
1st place: Lamantia, Kara
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2nd place: Turner, Wynne
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3rd place: Manley, Brandon
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Social & Behavioral Sciences
1st place: Nothnagle, Emily
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2nd place: Jewell, Courtney
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3rd place: Singer, Jill
Submission in process

Poster Division: Biological & Health Sciences
1st place: Lubertozzi, Anna
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2nd place: Wedig, Jessica
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3rd place: Kromalic, Meredith
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Poster Division: FAES
1st place: Chen, Zhaozhe
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2nd place: Zhang, Yue
Submission in process
3rd place: Voss, Danielle
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Poster Division: Engineering
1st place: Jawdekar, Tanay
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2nd place: Mayone, Sophia
Submission in process
3rd place: Benavides, Maria Angelica Rincon
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Poster Division: Education & Human Ecology and Social & Behavioral Sciences
1st place: Wang, Lei
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2nd place: Viera, Kaitlyn
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3rd place: Howell, Allison
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Now showing 1 - 20 of 32

Can cognitive abilities and vocabulary help bilingual children understand implicit interpretations?
(2024-03) Ortiz Ramírez, Pedro Antonio; Grinstead, John
Work on monolingual child Spanish implicature generation (Grinstead et al. 2022a) has shown that scalar implicatures associated with the quantifier algunos ¨some, but not all” (e.g., Gutiérrez-Rexach 2001, 2010; Martí 2008) are significantly predicted with unique variance explained by measures of lexicon, inhibition, and syntax. Further work showed that monolingual child implicature generators can be identified with 88% accuracy and non-generators with 100% accuracy, solely based on their lexical abilities (Grinstead et al. 2022b). What do we predict for Spanish-English bilinguals with the same constructions? Work with bilingual Spanish-English speaking children showed that bilingual children struggle to generate implicatures in Spanish with algunos (Syrett et al. 2016). Here we ask how the relationship between algunos implicatures, lexicon, and inhibition plays out in bilingual children. Specifically, the debate around the Bilingual Advantage (Bialystok E., 2011; Bialystok, E. & Feng, X., 2009; Santillán J., Khurana, A., 2018; Kroll et al., 2012) suggests that bilingual children may have smaller single-language lexicons than monolingual children, but greater inhibitory abilities. Since both abilities have been shown to relate to implicature generation in monolingual children, what will be their relationship to implicature generation in bilingual children? Further, if we measure bilingual children’s lexicons across both languages, using an instrument such as the Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (EOWPVT, Martin 2013), will we find associations between this total lexical measure and implicature generation? To answer these questions, 55 bilingual Spanish-English speaking children in the US (85.3 months [7;1], SD = 12.1) participated in our study. Children’s families completed the Alberta Language Environment Questionnaire 3 (Paradis 2011) to measure children’s home language environment and percentage of use of each language. To measure implicature generation with algunos, children completed a stop-motion Truth-Value Judgment Task (Crain&McKee 1985). Half the scenarios were consistent with the “some, but not all” implicature (3 of 4 agents performed an action), and the other half were inconsistent with the implicature (4 of 4 agents performed an action). To measure lexicon in Spanish only, children were given the Test de Vocabulario en Imágnes Peabody (TVIP, Dunn et al. 1986). To measure lexicon across Spanish and English, children were given the Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (Martin 2013). To measure inhibition, children were given the Flanker Task (Eriksen & Eriksen 1974). Results showed that bilingual children as young as 5;2 could generate implicatures 100% of the time. Further, the Spanish-only lexical measure (TVIP) and implicature generation significantly correlated, but the combined English-Spanish lexical measure (EOWPVT) did not, nor did inhibition. In sum, a single-language measure of the Spanish lexicon (TVIP) is significantly associated with implicature generation (Grinstead et al. 2022b), but inhibition is not. The hypothesis that a measure of lexicon encompassing both English and Spanish (EOWPVT) might also significantly associate with implicature generation is not supported by our results. We discuss the status of the Quantity Scale in bilingual lexicons and its possible relationship to the Bilingual Advantage phenomena.
A Case-Case Study of Fowl Cholera and ORT Infections in Midwestern Poultry Production
(2024-03) Ouyang, Lingyu; Xiao, Ningchuan; Arruda, Andréia
The health and productivity of the commercial poultry industry are critically impacted by infectious diseases, notably fowl cholera and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infections. These diseases cause substantial economic losses and raise animal welfare concerns due to their high mortality and morbidity rates. Traditional approaches to managing these infections have primarily focused on biosecurity and vaccination, with less consideration given to the broader environmental context of poultry farms. Recognizing this gap, our study aims to explore the spatial relationship between land cover and the incidence of Fowl cholera and ORT in commercial poultry farms in Ohio and Indiana. By employing GIS perspectives, this research seeks to understand how different land cover types surrounding poultry farms influence the occurrence and severity of these infections. The objective is to provide new insights into the role of environmental factors in disease dynamics, potentially leading to more effective and nuanced disease control strategies.
Arvcf Prevents Age-Dependent Cataracts by Stabilizing Adherens Junctions and Cytoskeletal Proteins
(2024-03) Coffman, Electra; Plageman, Timothy
The eye lens focuses light paths onto the retina to produce a clear, unobstructed image for optimal vision. However, cellular disruptions can lead to cataracts, a lens disease caused by a loss of transparency. Despite age being the highest risk factor for cataract development, the molecular changes that occur between a young, clear lens to an aged, opaque lens remain relatively unknown. We have demonstrated that genetic ablation of a critical component of adherens junctions, Arvcf, leads to premature cataracts in mice. As this suggests that the loss of Arvcf exacerbates a molecular process in aging, we hypothesize that lens transparency is dependent upon stable cell adhesion in the membrane cytoskeleton. To test this, we compared control and Arvcf-deficient mouse lenses using proteomic and histological methods. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that Arvcf is required for adherens junctional protein associated with N-Cadherin. We also identified novel cytoskeletal and intermediate filaments that associate with Arvcf and N-Cadherin. Immunofluorescent spinning disk confocal microscopy of N-Cadherin, Ankyrin-B, and α-II spectrin show that Arvcf is likely required for maintaining protrusive membrane localization of these associated proteins. Together, these data suggest that the loss of adhesion and cytoskeletal protein association is a biomarker in the aging cataract.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Elastography Derived Isotropic and Anisotropic Stiffness Estimation in Healthy Human Kidney
(2024-03) McClanahan, Gregory; Kolipaka, Arunark
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can lead to a long, costly, and painful process through diagnosis and prognosis. DTI and MRE are MRI based techniques that may offer more robustness to current kidney diagnostic and prognostic methods. Purpose: To compare isotropic and anisotropic stiffness of the cortex, medulla, and whole kidney. Methods: A spin-echo echo planar (SE-EPI) MRE sequence was used to obtain coronal slices of the kidneys. Two soft, passive drivers, positioned on the lower back at the location of the kidneys, were used to introduce 60 Hz vibrations in the kidneys. A SE-EPI DTI sequence was used to obtain coronal slices of the kidneys. MRE Wave images and DTI images were processed to obtain isotropic stiffness and anisotropic stiffness data. Isotropic and anisotropic stiffness values were compared using a one-way ANOVA. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated for anisotropic stiffness over isotropic stiffness. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: MRE-derived isotropic and the longitudinal anisotropic stiffness measurements were significantly different. The correlation coefficients between MRE-derived isotropic stiffness measurements and anisotropic stiffness measurements were high for all longitudinal components of anisotropic stiffness measurements and several transverse components of anisotropic stiffness. Conclusion: Anisotropic stiffness measurements derived from MRE and DTI imaging are promising techniques that may bolster current diagnostic and prognostic methods.
Rasch Analysis of the Brief Version of the Internet Addiction Test
(2024-03) Lee, Zhi Jie; Zyromski, Brett
The study aimed to validate a brief version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) to enhance its efficiency in measuring internet addiction among undergraduate university students in China. This study employed the Rasch rating scale model (RSM) analysis to determine (i) item polarity, (ii) item fit statistics, (iii) unidimensionality, and (iv) person and item reliability of the brief version of the IAT scale. Through the Rasch RSM analysis, two items were deemed misfit and ten redundant. They were subsequently removed from the scale, resulting in a brief version comprising ten items. The analysis demonstrated that the brief IAT is a unidimensional tool for measuring internet addiction among undergraduate university students. The newly validated scale is proposed for more convenient use, offering a more efficient means to measure internet addiction.
Reading and Responding to Translingual Picturebooks
(2024-03) Thomas, Carrie Anne; Enciso, Patricia
This paper reports on a descriptive qualitative case study involving translingual picturebooks and their use in elementary schools. The data for this case study was collected as part of a doctoral dissertation. The broader context of the study exists within the potential for linguistically diverse children’s literature to influence young readers’ language ideologies, awareness, and curiosity; however, the particular focus of this paper is on the educator’s approaches to reading linguistically diverse children’s literature to elementary students and their own underlying language ideologies. This study combines two theoretical perspectives to design a framework through which to investigate the research questions. The first perspective is known as readers response or transactional theory and the second is translanguaging. One video of the educator reading aloud the picturebook Hauraki Broo by Nikki Slade Robinson was analyzed for this paper. Though the entire case study's rich data set provides numerous avenues for analysis, one salient area of discussion that arose during read-alouds of translingual picturebooks involved the pronunciation of non-English words. The data revealed numerous instances of hesitation and inhibitions when the educator came across a non-English word during their read-alouds. In particular, five different approaches to pronunciation were employed by the educator while reading one page of Hauraki Broo, which incorporated three Māori words within the English text. The focus on translingual picturebooks in this research can help educators begin to recognize characteristics of linguistic pluralism in books and the results can prepare educators to effectively incorporate more linguistic pluralism in their curriculum and make discerning choices about the translingual books they read.
Prevalence and biological impact of clinically actionable gene fusions in head and neck cancers
(2024-03) Hoskins, Emily; Roychowdhury, Sameek
Objective: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of ~50%. The only existing genomic biomarker that guides targeted therapies specifically in HNC is oncogenic HRAS mutations. Gene fusions are clinically targetable, genomic events that involve chromosomal rearrangement, resulting in aberrant function. Here we describe the biological and clinical impact of oncogenic fusions in a combined dataset of HNC. Methods: We evaluated RNA sequencing data from HNCs from the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN, n=1,540), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n=528), and other published studies (n=588). We utilized STAR-Fusion and Arriba to detect gene fusions from RNAseq data. Results: Leveraging our combined cohort of 2,666 tumors with RNAseq, we identified 74 cases (2.8%) harboring a clinically relevant gene fusion. The most common fusions involved FGFR3 (n=19), EGFR (n=10), and FGFR2 (n=6). We observed significant gene overexpression in fusion-positive samples with respect to their gene fusion partner (p<0.001). Intrigued by the EGFR fusions that we uncovered, which have not previously been described in head and neck cancers, we further assessed the structure and breakpoints in these fusions. In ORIEN, 4/5 gene fusions harbored the same breakpoint in EGFR with a gene fusion structure found to be successfully clinically targetable in lung cancer cases. Finally, we analyzed our subset of FGFR-mutant head and neck cancer and observed distinct biological features, including increased cell proliferation. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that oncogenic gene fusions are prevalent in HNC, often lead to overexpression of the oncogene fusion partner, and are clinically relevant. We uncovered oncogenic that have not previously been described in HNC, including EGFR fusions. Together these results comprise the first comprehensive evaluation of gene fusions in HNC, providing expanded therapeutic opportunities for patients with head and neck cancer.
Who is Prepared to Coach Beyond?: Ohio Coaches' Self-Efficacy to Support Student-Athletes On and Off the Field
(2024-03) Nothnagle, Emily; Bates, Samantha; Anderson-Butcher, Dawn
Background and Purpose: Over 7 million youth participate in high school athletics annually in the U.S. (National Federation of State High Schools Associations, 2017). Because sport reaches so many, it serves as an important opportunity for youth to gain skills related to sport, physical well-being, and life, and coaches are uniquely positioned to teach student-athletes these skills (Anderson-Butcher, 2019). Recent studies found that coaches who teach both traditional sport skills and life skills report greater feelings of satisfaction in their role, less stress, and a higher likelihood of winning (Bates & Anderson-Butcher, 2022). Knowing that a coach’s ability to teach skills on and off the field has positive effects on both coaches and student-athletes, this study seeks to determine if there is a relationship between participation in coach training on important topics—such as life skill development, mental health, and sport skills and techniques—and coaches’ self-efficacy to "Coach Beyond” according to the Coach Beyond Readiness Index (Bates et al., 2023); a measure grounded in self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1977). Methods: Data for this study were collected in fall 2021 in a state-wide coaching survey in Ohio. The state-wide survey included 17 items comprising the Coach Beyond Readiness Index (CBRI; Bates et al., 2023). The CBRI is a novel, valid, and reliable scale designed to measure coaches’ perceptions of their abilities to support the holistic development and health of student-athletes (Bates et al., 2023). Specifically, the dependent variables for this study are coach efficacy on the four subscales of the CBRI: (a) Promoting life skill development through sport; (b) Promoting social-emotional health; (c) Teaching sport tactics and techniques; and (d) Planning training and conditioning. Subscales include multiple items that use a Likert response to assess coaches’ perceived efficacy in the aforementioned domains. The independent variables are prior participation (binary variable; 0 = No; 1 = Yes) in corresponding coach trainings including (a) life skill development; (b) mental health; and (c) sport skills and techniques. In total, 5,656 Ohio coaches participated in this survey (89% male; 11% female). Data were analyzed using independent-sample t-tests by comparing mean CBRI scores between coaches who have received training in related topics to those who have not. Differences in mean scores were considered significant at the p <.05. Results: The 2,569 participants who received training in life skill development (M = 4.70, SD = .41) compared to the 1,797 participants who did not (M = 4.60, SD = .46) reported significantly higher levels of confidence in promoting life skill development through sport (p < .001, d = .43). The 2,356 participants who received mental health training (M = 4.16, SD = .55) compared to the 1,936 participants who did not receive mental health training (M = 3.80, SD = .59) reported significantly higher levels of confidence in promoting social-emotional health (p < .001, d = .57). The 3,688 participants who received training in sport skills and techniques (M = 4.53, SD = .44) compared to the 731 participants who have not received such training (M = 4.28, SD = .50) reported significantly higher levels of confidence in teaching sport tactics and techniques (p < .001, d = .45). Coaches who received training in sport skills and techniques (M = 4.24, SD = .66) compared to coaches who have not (M = 3.93, SD = .75) reported significantly higher levels of confidence in training and conditioning (p < .001, d = .68) as well. Conclusions and Implications: This study reveals that receiving training in tactics and techniques, life skill development through sport, training and conditioning, and social-emotional health is significantly related to increased levels of self-efficacy and preparation to utilize those skills in practice to “Coach Beyond.” Of concern is whether coaches have access to adequate training. In Ohio, Atkinson et al. (2022) reported that less than 20% of the content required for Ohio school-based coach training requirements covers social-emotional learning or positive youth development through sport (Atkinson et al., 2022). Additionally, few coaches in Ohio report feeling confident about addressing mental health concerns or helping athletes regulate their emotions (Bates & Anderson Butcher, 2022). Given these findings and the dramatic increase in U.S. adolescent mental health concerns (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022), there is a need to increase training opportunities for coaches, especially regarding life skill development and social-emotional health. Increasing coach training could contribute to greater coach self-efficacy to support student-athletes both on and off the field.
Field-scale application of artificial floating islands for cyanotoxin reduction from residential raw sewage treatment basin
(2024-03) Chen, Zhaozhe; Costa, Ozeas; Lee, Jiyoung
Microcystin (MC) stands as the most prevalent cyanotoxin associated with freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs), posing substantial health risks to both humans and aquatic ecosystems. Artificial floating islands (AFIs) present a promising solution to MC reduction. In this study, we implemented AFIs with two native aquatic plants, Carex comosa (bristly sedge) and Eleocharis obtusa (blunt spike-rush), in the equalization basin of a wastewater treatment plant for preliminary treatment of residential raw sewage. Over three months in late summer and fall, we monitored MC concentrations, physico-chemical parameters, nutrient levels, and plant biomass. Results indicated that the AFI system reached the highest of 77.9% reduction in MC levels during the active plant growth period. Precipitation emerged as a critical factor affecting MC reduction rate in natural settings. Plant assimilation was identified as the primary contributor to MC reduction under natural conditions, given the low susceptibility to temperature fluctuations. While temperature and nutrient levels did not directly influence MC reduction rates, they impacted plant growth, thereby indirectly affecting AFI performance. Notably, C. comosa exhibited higher potential for MC reduction than E. obtusa, attributed to its rapid growth and greater biomass yields. This study is the first exploration of field-scale AFI applications targeting MC as the primary pollutant, emphasizing the viability of field-scale AFIs as a sustainable and effective strategy for cyanotoxin management.
Innovative Design & Performance Assessment of a Novel Modular Reactor for One-Step Liquid Fuel Production from Stranded Natural Gas
(2024-03) Jawdekar, Tanay; Fan, Liang-Shih
The crude extraction process faces a challenge in tackling the associated natural gas that is dissolved in the crude oil or prevails in the free gas caps of oil reservoirs. Considering the risks and costs involved in natural gas transportation, the quantity of associated gas is very small to substantiate the construction of a pipeline network. Although this associated natural gas is the by-product of the oil extraction process, the absence of a viable solution for utilization makes it ‘stranded natural gas (SNG).’ Approximately 15 tons/day of SNG is flared from one oil well, contributing to greenhouse gases. The uneconomical nature of pipeline installation to transport SNG and the necessity to find a robust solution to tackle SNG opens an avenue for developing modular technologies that can convert SNG to value-added products while reducing CO2 emissions. Liquid fuels (LF) are high-density energy carriers that are easy to transport and can support the existing infrastructure for energy consumption. 15 tons/day of SNG that is flared has the potential to produce ~2.5 tons/day of LF and generate ~115 kW of electricity simultaneously. This work proposes a single reactor modular unit that converts SNG to value-added LF. The novel reactor configuration consists of a multi-tubular packed bed setup divided into three intermediate sections: a mixed reforming section, a section for heat exchange, and a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) section. Mixed reforming of SNG uses CO2 and steam to produce high-quality syngas (H2:CO = 1.7), which in turn can be used to produce liquid fuels in the FT section of the reactor. The heat exchange section assists in increasing the efficiency of the process by facilitating heat integration within the process streams. This process provides inherent CO2 utilization and converts pressurized SNG to easy-to-transport liquid fuels that can be processed to manufacture motor spirit, diesel, jet engine fuels, and feedstocks for the petrochemical industry. System-level thermodynamic evaluation was conducted using ASPEN Plus software for the production of 2.5 tons/day of liquid fuel by taking into consideration multiple plausible cases of reactor configuration and heat integration. Detailed economic calculations performed based on the tubular reactor design for all configurations indicate that the production of liquid fuels using SNG can prove to be a profitable venture. The design of the multi-tubular reactor and the economics associated with it are simultaneously optimized using the Bayesian optimization technique to propose a portable, modular reactor requiring a minimum number of units to process the SNG from an oil well. The robustness of the best-case scenario is then validated for fluctuating SNG compositions, flow rates, and temperatures. This work establishes the design feasibility of a novel, economically viable, modular technology for upgrading SNG to value-added liquid fuels while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Acquisition and Development of the Infant Oral Bacteriome and Virome
(2024-03) Pax, Kazune; Leblebicioglu, Binnaz
Objective: The human microbiome is a collection of all the microscopic organisms such as bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses that reside on or within the human being. This microbiome is comprised of many sub-microbiomes such as the skin, gut, vaginal, and oral. Each of these microbiomes is a complex and dynamic system that is affected by environmental disturbances such as antibiotic use, smoking, and systemic disease. Despite the significant body of research within the human microbiome project, knowledge gaps remain for acquisition and early development of the oral microbiome. Based on previous findings, at least 45% of adult oral microbiome is established within the first two years of life. We hypothesized that maternal habits play a critical role in shaping the infant oral microbiome. Methods: Buccal swabs were collected from 37 women (healthy, natal antibiotic user, and smokers) and their infants over a 15-month period at five time points: third trimester of pregnancy, 4-6 weeks, 4 months, 8 months, and 1 year after birth. DNA was isolated and underwent whole genome shotgun sequencing. Multiple bioinformatic tools were used to analyze the sequencing data: FragGeneScan, DIAMOND, and MEGAN were used to read, translate, and determine gene identity and function as indicated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD), and the Virulence Factor Database (VFDB). Virsorter2, DeepVirFinder, and Vibrant identified viral content. SourceTracker determined the contribution of the maternal biome to the babybiome. Results: SourceTracker revealed that the mother is the source of, on average, 83-92% of the bacteriome and 97% of the functional potential. This transmissibility was neither affected by the mother’s health status nor gestational experiences. Of bacteria that were transmitted 20-76% persisted in the infants over the first year of life. Some are known to be important contributors to periodontal disease such as Prevotella and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Children born to mothers given antibiotics during delivery had bacteria that demonstrated high levels of antibiotic resistance genes. On average, 87% of the antibiotic resistance genes transmitted persisted over a year. Similarly, children born to mothers with a history of smoking demonstrated bacteria with more virulence genes consistent with the bacteria found in smokers and, on average, 81% of these transmitted virulence genes persisted over 1 year. Lastly, maternal intra-gestational exposure was a bigger driver of the both the taxa and functional content of the babybiome than age of the child or the change in the child’s dentition across the CARD and VFDB databases (p-value = 0.041 for taxa, p-value = 0.047, 0.05 for CARD and VFDB respectively). The KEGG database did not show significant differences (p-value = 0.109). When looking at the virome, however, maternal exposures did not affect the alpha (Shannon index, p-value=0.8) and beta diversity (Aitchison index, p-value=0.7). Each infant shared a widely variable amount of the virome their cognate mothers (18-73% if mothers had been treated with antibiotics, 28-90% if the mother was healthy and 11-50% if the mother smoked). Conclusion: The baby bacteriome is derived from the maternal biome and infants exhibit a stable colonization of the oral bacteriome over 12 months, persisting through the eruption of primary teeth. Because habits and systemic influences, such as smoking, antibiotic use, and disease can create dysbiotic microbiomes, children of mothers in a state of dysbiosis may be predisposed for harm later in life. The infant oral virome, however, is only partially derived from the maternal biome. Furthermore, the virome is more heavily impacted by the age of the infant rather than maternal exposures. Further work is needed to determine which viruses comprise the majority of the virome as well as the interactions between the virome and microbiome.
How Socioeconomic Status Affects Cancel Culture Propensity
(2024-03) Shen, Mingnan; Deng, Xiaoyan; Cai, Fengyan
Cancel Culture has become prevalent on social media platforms in recent years, which has caused devastating losses to brands. However, the questions of WHO and WHY about Cancel Culture remain unclear. This research focused on how an individual difference – socioeconomic status (SES) can affect Cancel Culture Propensity. The research involves two pre-studies and five subsequent studies, revealing that SES has a positive total effect on Cancel Culture Propensity. The research identifies two parallel mediators - perceived responsibility and perceived anger - through the first SES positively affects and the second SES negatively affects Cancel Culture Propensity. Further, based on the self-signaling theory, two boundary conditions are identified where high-SES consumers may perceive canceling-related behaviors to threaten their positive self-images, thus reducing their Cancel Culture Propensity: 1) when the word “cancel” is salient; 2) when the message tone is emotional.
Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Grain Drying and Storage System for Developing Countries
(2024-03) Tatum, Jaden; Shah, Ajay
Nutrient- and quality-preserving storage of staple grain crops from one harvest to the next is a necessity to promote global food security, but safe long-term storage is a significant challenge in many developing countries (1). Sub-Saharan Africa experiences the highest rates of post-harvest losses (PHL), where crops are lost to microbial degradation or pest infestation before they can be used (1). The region also has several countries with the highest rates of population growth, meaning there is urgent need to reduce loss and waste across the food system (2). Mitigation strategies to prevent PHL are well known. Adequately drying grain to low moisture contents reduces microbial degradation and harmful mold growth during storage, but traditional drying practices of laying out grain to dry in the sun leaves grain vulnerable to weather, pests, dust, and theft and may not dry grain to safe levels (1,2). Meanwhile, hermetic (air-tight) storage techniques reduce damage from storage pests without the use of harmful chemicals, though many currently available technologies are soft-sided and vulnerable to puncture by pests (3). While some technologies have been developed using either mechanized drying or hermetic storage, no technologies have simultaneously addressed drying and air-tight storage. This research developed a new technology considering the principles of appropriate design for small farmers in developing countries: affordability, ease of use, and context-appropriate material and energy utilization. A novel integrated grain drying and storage system (iGDSS) was designed and evaluated for its technical feasibility, economic viability, and end-user desirability. The iGDSS was first technically evaluated through experimental trials of heated and unheated drying of maize, followed by 6-month storage trials. Key grain quality parameters were evaluated during storage under pest pressure. The storage trials also evaluated impacts of repeated access to grain – simulating actual practices of subsistence farmers – compared to longer hermetic periods of 3 and 6 months that are typically studied (3). Drying trials demonstrated the iGDSS dries grain evenly, and unheated low-energy drying is completed in under 3 days, saving time compared to current sun-only drying methods. The results from storage trials showed iGDSS maintained grain quality and minimized the growth of harmful storage fungi. The monitoring of oxygen intrusion and pest mortality in a hermetic storage system with periodic access addressed a critical knowledge gap in chemical-free hermetic storage studies. Additional modeling work extended the evaluation of the iGDSS drying functions beyond maize and found estimated drying times of under 2 days for wheat and sorghum, indicating wide usability of iGDSS and improvement over sun-drying methods. Social and economic assessments of the iGDSS system included field work in the Arusha region of Tanzania, conducting surveys with nearly 300 subsistence maize farmers and focus group discussions in 6 communities to evaluate current post-harvest practices, storage losses, and labor rates. Additional in-country investigations included pricing of system components and construction. Focus group discussions and farmer-reported attitudes on current practices and technologies revealed that even among subsistence maize farmers in one region, there may be different acceptance levels of the iGDSS that can be traced to key variables such as farm size, off-farm income, and education level. Finally, an ongoing techno-economic assessment of different scenarios identified the most suitable energy sources and farm sizes for the adoption of this technology. The TEA integrates data from iGDSS technical performance, seasonal price changes for maize, and grid and renewable energy availability for Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions of Tanzania. This low-cost and effective grain drying and storage infrastructure has the potential to greatly reduce post-harvest losses of staple grain crops in developing countries and lead to greater global food security. Future research should utilize the results of the techno-economic analysis develop trainings and scaling pathways to disseminate technology production and adoption in the most suitable areas. In addition, the appropriate technology of iGDSS should be further adapted for drying of high-valued crops and seeds.
Evaluating Pyranoanthocyanins as Innovative, Naturally Derived Colorants for Foods
(2024-03) Voss, Danielle; Giusti, M. Monica
A food’s color plays a key role in consumer perception and a product’s success. While many nature derived colorants, like anthocyanins in fruits and vegetables, are limited in their application due to stability challenges, pyranoanthocyanins are emerging as promising, more stable options. Pyranoanthocyanins are known for producing the bold, stable color of aged wine, and they can be formed by mixing anthocyanin-containing extracts (i.e. grape, blueberry) with small molecule cofactors. With this formation process, a large number of diverse pyranoanthocyanins can be formed. The purpose of our study was to systematically characterize how the chemical structure of pyranoanthocyanins (the B ring, E ring, and C3 glycosylation) influence their coloring characteristics at pH 3 buffer. Pyranoanthocyanins with the desired chemical structures were selectively formed following previously reported methods from different anthocyanin sources (elderberry, aronia, black carrot, Berberis boliviana) and hydroxycinnamic acid derived cofactors. Pyranoanthocyanin identities were verified with uHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS, and each pyranoanthocyanin was isolated with semi-preparatory HPLC, dried, and dissolved into pH 3 KCl (0.025 M) buffers at 40 µM concentration. UV-vis spectra were measured from 260–700 nm. A total of 13 unique pyranoanthocyanins were successfully formed with different patterns of hydroxyl (OH), methoxy (OCH3), and sugar substitutions. The pyranoanthocyanins all had hypsochromic shifts in the lambda vis-max compared with the parent anthocyanins, producing more vibrant yellow, orange, and red colors in contrast to pale pink produced by the anthocyanins at pH 3. Both B ring and E ring substitutions affected the color with cyanidin derived pyranoanthocyanins (B ring) producing more yellow/orange color (hypsochromic lambda vis-max) compared to those formed from malvidin anthocyanins, and the 10-p-hydroxyphenyl-PACNs (E ring) producing the most yellow/orange color. Glycosylation had a small but noticeable effect on the color with the two disaccharides evaluated producing lower intensity color with lower lambda vis-max values than the two monosaccharides and the trisaccharide. Our results highlighted the versatility of pyranoanthocyanins as nature derived colors as they could form from many anthocyanin-rich extracts and produced a range of colors at pH 3. Their bright, vibrant colors are promising for their application as food colorants.
Validation of Complex Material Models using Hole-Expansion Experiments
(2024-03) Fietek, Carter; Seidt, Jeremy
The ability to accurately predict and evaluate the mechanical behavior of materials is of paramount importance in engineering and scientific research. Complex material models that include anisotropic behavior (where material properties are directionally dependent) are becoming more prevalent due to advancements in high-performance computing and the need to accurately predict the behavior of a wide range of materials and structures in extreme environments. While these complex models often outperform simpler isotropic models, they require significantly more experimental effort to calibrate and validate. Once a material model has been calibrated, validation is required to ensure that the model performs as expected so that it can be implemented into numerical models to predict the performance of materials and structures in extreme environments. In this work, novel full-field hole expansion experiments (on 6061-T6 aluminum sheet) with a flat punch are used as a unique way to validate anisotropic plasticity models because all stress states identified during model calibration are experienced in a single multi-axial experiment. In these experiments, a pre-existing hole in the sheet is expanded by a flat punch contacting the surface. Full-field measurements of the expanding sheet are made using digital image correlation, where a random speckle pattern is applied to the bottom surface of the sheet and tracked using stereo cameras synced to the testing frame. Experimental results from the hole-expansion test are compared to numerical simulations of the experiment implementing the anisotropic material model. In addition, the traditional experimental approach to calibration of an anisotropic plasticity model on the aluminum sheet material is performed utilizing uniaxial tension tests at 15° increments. Overall, a good correlation is seen between experiments and simulations of the hole-expansion test.
CD200 is overexpressed in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and predictive of overall survival
(Springer Nature, 2024-03) Wedig, Jessica; Mace, Thomas
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a five-year survival rate of 13% 1. A fibrotic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), difficulty of early detection, and resistance to chemotherapy all contribute to the poor survival 2. CD200 is a glycoprotein that interacts with its receptor CD200R, which is expressed on myeloid cells, and elicits an immunosuppressive response 3. Our laboratory was the first to report that CD200 is overexpressed in PDAC and promotes immune suppression in preclinical animal models 4. The objective of this research is to further characterize CD200 expression in PDAC. We hypothesized that CD200 expression is overexpressed in the pancreatic TME and that soluble CD200 (sCD200) expression in PDAC is associated with worse overall survival. Methods: We performed multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) on tissue microarrays containing pancreatic tumors (n= 127), cancer adjacent tissue (n= 27), and normal pancreatic tissue (n=18) and analyzed the expression of CD200 on tumor, stromal, and immune populations. Additionally, we assessed CD200 expression on circulating immune populations from patients with PDAC using cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF). CD200 can also be cleaved by matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) into functional sCD200 5, and we investigated whether this occurs in patients with PDAC. We performed ELISA to measure the serum levels of sCD200 in untreated metastatic PDAC patients. We defined patients with high serum sCD200 as having levels higher than the median (283 pg/mL). Results: We observed that CD200 expression was significantly upregulated on tumor and stromal populations in the pancreatic TME compared to cancer adjacent and normal pancreatic tissue. We identified a significant increase in CD200 surface expression on monocytes, plasmacytoid DCs, and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) on PBMC from PDAC patients compared to healthy donor controls. Patients that had high serum levels of sCD200 (n=15) had significantly worse overall survival and progression-free survival than patients that had low serum levels of sCD200 (n=44). Conclusions: We showed that CD200 is upregulated by tumor and stromal populations in the pancreatic TME and by circulating myeloid populations. Additionally, higher concentrations of sCD200 in the plasma of metastatic PDAC correlated with worse survival outcomes. Significance: This work highlights the importance of CD200 expression in patients with PDAC and provides rationale for the design of novel therapeutic approaches for targeting this protein in patients.
Virtuality in Team Negotiations
(2024-03) Rathjens, Jacob; Lount, Robert
Conventional wisdom tells us that negotiations are most effectively conducted when teams are seated across the table from one another. Quantitative studies, however, have indicated a trend in the other direction, suggesting that teams in virtual negotiations may outperform their in-person counterparts. This paper examines how conducting a negotiation through a digital medium may affect intra- and inter-team processes in order to reconcile why prior theory and data may not align. Notably, the model proposes that virtual teams are able to take advantage of greater information elaboration than are face-to-face teams, but that this is paired with decreased trust, such that whichever effect is the effects on performance will be dependent on the relative magnitude of the contrasting effects. This is tested in a comprehensive laboratory study, and findings are discussed.
Quantifying naturalistic occupant postures in belt-positioning booster seats through pressure mapping.
(2024-03) Connell, Rosalie; Mansfield, Julie
Background and Objective: Previous studies have shown that belt-positioning booster (BPB) characteristics influence occupant posture as they contribute to the occupant’s comfort during use. Slouching is a common out of position (OOP) posture associated with comfort that is assumed by BPB occupants to accommodate for long seat lengths. This posture is particularly concerning because of its association with injuries in the event of a crash. Previous work that has investigated BPB occupant postures has been limited in the ability to fully quantify slouched postures due to limitations in data collection techniques that occluded the pelvis. Further, these works were primarily focused on ideal, instantaneous occupant postures. It is pivotal to understand naturalistic (time-dependent, non-ideal) postures so future testing of crash surrogates can more accurately represent pediatric occupants. This will improve BPB design and injury mitigation strategies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to collect quantitative data to describe naturalistic postures of BPB occupants over extended periods of time using novel applications of pressure mapping. Methods: Thirty booster-age children (5 to 12 years old) were recruited. Five seating configurations were used to manipulate booster profile (high, low, or no BPB) and the presence of armrests (armrests present or none), using two low back BPB models and captains’ chairs from a current model minivan. Two captain’s chairs were arranged within the laboratory to mimic the front and rear rows of a vehicle interior. Volunteers were randomly assigned to two of the five seating configurations, which were implemented in the rear row captain’s chair. TekScan 5250 pressure mats were arranged to cover the BPB seating surface. Cameras were positioned to record the occupant’s behaviors over time. Each trial lasted thirty minutes during which center of force (COF) position from pressure maps was continuously collected, along with video and posture data from XSENS inertial measurement units. Every ten minutes the volunteers were provided a two-question survey to evaluate their comfort. Results: Children assumed a variety of postures over the thirty minutes from remaining stationary to frequent changes. There were no significant differences in COF average fore-aft position, or maximum relative translation based on BPB seating configuration. Assessing translation of COF over time showed significant differences between BPB profiles and with respect to time, with an average forward translation of 2.47 cm from ideal reference positions over the 30-minute period (p=0.0028), the greatest translation occurring in low-profile and baseline configurations. Discussion and Conclusions: This is the first study to report pressure mapping metrics for BPB occupants over time. On average, volunteers trended towards slouched postures, evidenced by a forward translation of their COF within seating configurations over the 30-minute period. These data can be applied in future surrogate models to accurately assess the implications of naturalistic BPB occupant postures. Future work should continue to investigate these postures in more realistic, on-road environments and explore the influence of additional BPB features in promoting prolonged ideal positions throughout the entirety of motor vehicle travel.
Designing with and Beyond Humans: Opportunities in Earth Centered Design Education
(2024-03) Gedanke Flaksberg, Dominique; Melsop, Susan; Sanders, Elizabeth
Designing for sustainable futures involves considering a variety of new complex environmental challenges caused by global warming. To that extent, Earth-centered Design (Smith, 2019) proposes a shift in the way we learn and practice design, inviting more resilient, biodiverse and interconnected ways of understanding the world we design for and with. For instance, I am suggesting that by creating and deepening connection with indigenous communities (based on my own experiential knowledge), contextualizing earth-based ways of living (St. Pierre, 2015) and understanding plant consciousness (Pinchbeck & Rokhlin, 2019), Earth-centered Design offers a shift of mindset supporting a form of design practice that can sustain long-term life on earth. This research explores, through case studies, how indigenous, ancestral and earth based knowledge can be translated to enrich design teaching. Through such explorations I sought to provide resources to initiate conversations around new educational perspectives supporting design for resiliency. This research explores methods for bringing ritual into the classroom space, co-designing with plants, and creating opportunities for the reframing of core design principles through an indigenous-value lens. Those come together to generate possibilities of what curricula can look like in the context of an Earth-based Design education. The case studies presented in this research include ground work with the Ivy Pora Indigenous Community in Sao Paulo, Brazil; in which exchanges between the researcher and community included participating in territory hikes, learning from their teaching practices through storytelling, and facilitating a co-design workshop with the Guarani youth. It also includes Teachings from the BriBri Indigenous Community in Costa Rica in relation to their practices with the plant Cacao, which integrate ancestral storytelling, contemporary practices and reflections of the design process that exists within these practices. Finally, this research builds on the reflections and learnings from the communities mentioned and proposes new methods and applications of these pedagogies. I present pilot curriculum testing of educational Co-design and Ritual-based learning in sessions facilitated in both the OSU and larger Columbus Community. Overall these case studies raise new questions and discuss inspiring examples of Earth-Centered pedagogies, inviting design educators to envision Earth-based Design practice as part of the design school curriculum.
Interweaving In-Betweens through Self-Translation: Taiwanese Indigenous Sinophone Poetry by Adaw Palaf
(2024-03) Lu, Ai-Ling; Jian, Xiaobin
Mandarin, as a dominant language, serves as the primary medium for Taiwanese indigenous poets, yet they grapple with the inability to fully express themselves in the language of the “Other.” Employing self-translation as a framework, I analyzed two poems by Adaw Palaf, a Taiwanese Amis poet. The concept of the original text in self-translation is fluid and the original text might not exist (Bassnett 20). Bilingual writers may choose to create in a second language, making translation integral to the creative process (Elin-Maria 178). This study investigates the translation techniques employed by Adaw and the effect of interpreting his poems as self-translations. In “The first day of mi-ilisin,” Adaw uses Sinophone transliteration for some culturally significant terms representing Amis collective memory. He cleverly assigns positive connotations to those words in Chinese. Via indigenizing Sinophone writing, Adaw renegotiates a space for indigenous identity. In addition to Romanized Amis and Mandarin, Adaw also uses Japanese, English, and Taiwanese Southern Min in his poem “The Butthole says: We are Aboriginals! ──To the warriors of Yami, in front of the Legislative Yuan.” The linguistic hybridity not only reflects the long colonizing history Taiwanese indigenous groups have endured, but also illustrates their resilience in inhabiting different colonial linguistic environments. He cleverly uses puns and language play to articulate his deep dissatisfaction with the government. By distorting standard linguistic conventions, Adaw transforms from a passive colonized subject into an active interpreter who mediates between different cultural and linguistic systems. Adaw’s literary approach of bringing the target audience to the source language and culture can be interpreted as foreignization. This visibility of translation establishes Adaw as both a Sinophone writer and a creative translator, facilitating “abusive fidelity” by resisting fluency and highlighting linguistic and cultural differences (Chiu 167). Employing foreignization allows Adaw to establish connections of in-betweens inherent in his methods, themes, and their impact on readers. By weaving unfamiliar linguistic elements into familiar Chinese, Adaw prompts Han Chinese readers to experience the “in-between,” fostering exploration and appreciation of Amis culture and contributing to the formation of their Taiwanese identity. This study also demonstrates that self-translation extends beyond mere linguistic conversion between two languages; rather, the languages of the colonizers serve as Adaw’s linguistic repertoires, enabling the creation of a creative and powerful translation.

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