Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 103, Issue 5 (December, 2003)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/22172

Front Matter
pp. 0
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A Comparison of Ordinary Least Squares and Logistic Regression
Pohlman, John T.; Leitner, Dennis W. pp. 118-125
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Ineffectiveness of Sulfur-Based Odors as Nesting Deterrents Against European Starlings
White, Randolph J.; Blackwell, Bradley F. pp. 126-128
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Effects of Lead and Copper Exposure on Growth of an Invasive Weed, Lythrum Salicaria L. (Purple Loosestrife)
Nicholls, Ann M.; Mal, Tarun K. pp. 129-133
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Comprehensive Approach of Groundwater Resource Evaluation: A Case Study in the Chippewa Creek Watershed in Ohio
Chowdhury, Shafiul H.; Iqbal, Mohammad Z.; Szabo, John P. pp. 134-142
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The Orientation of Beavers (Castor Canadensis) When Cutting Trees
Raffel, Thomas R.; Gatz, A. John pp. 143-146
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Obituaries of the Members of The Ohio Academy of Science Report of the Necrology Committee, 2003
pp. 147-156
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The Ohio Academy of Science
pp. 157-157
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Author and Subject Index to Volume 103
pp. 158-165
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The Ohio Journal of Science - Table of Contents - Volume 103
pp. 166-166
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Back Matter
pp. 999
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Back Matter
(2003-12)
The Ohio Journal of Science - Table of Contents - Volume 103
(2003-12)
Author and Subject Index to Volume 103
(2003-12)
The Ohio Academy of Science
(2003-12)
Obituaries of the Members of The Ohio Academy of Science Report of the Necrology Committee, 2003
(2003-12)
The Orientation of Beavers (Castor Canadensis) When Cutting Trees
(2003-12) Raffel, Thomas R.; Gatz, A. John
We studied patterns in the orientation of cutting when beavers (Castor canadensis) cut trees around Alum Creek Lake in central Ohio. For 462 trees, we measured the slope at the base of the tree, the orientation of the cut relative to this slope, the distance of the tree from the water, the radius of the tree, and the symmetry of the cut. The land around Alum Creek Lake generally slopes toward the water, so to direct the fall of a tree towards the water a beaver should cut a symmetrical tree from the downhill side. Cutting from the downhill side occurred for trees >9.0 m from the water. Near the shore, trees tended to lean toward the water and would fall toward the water regardless of the side from which the beaver cut. At distances <9-0 m from shore, beavers cut predominantly from the uphill side where it should be easy to sit and there is little danger of the tree falling on them. At all distances, beavers showed random orientation when cutting trees on shallow slopes (<20°), whereas on steep slopes (especially slopes >30°) they cut predominantly from the uphill side. Beavers cut small trees (<5.0 cm diameter) mostly from the downhill side, but tended to cut trees >5.0 cm in diameter from the uphill side. Overall, enough factors interacted that no single pattern of cutting existed for all trees.
Comprehensive Approach of Groundwater Resource Evaluation: A Case Study in the Chippewa Creek Watershed in Ohio
(2003-12) Chowdhury, Shafiul H.; Iqbal, Mohammad Z.; Szabo, John P.
A groundwater resource evaluation of Chippewa Creek watershed in Wayne and Medina counties, OH, shows continued availability of groundwater for agriculture and domestic uses. Two major hydrogeologic units in this watershed supply groundwater. A 100 to 150 ft (30 to 46 m) thick outwash deposit of sand and gravel, occupying a buried valley underlying Chippewa Creek, forms a highly permeable aquifer for agricultural, municipal, and domestic purposes. In some areas bedrock aquifers, mostly composed of sandstone of Pennsylvanian and Mississippian age, are used for industrial and domestic purposes. Mean transmissivity of the outwash aquifer is 25,000 gpd/ft (310 mVday). The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer has a mean value of 250 gpd/ft2 (10 m/day). The total calculated volume of annual net recharge is 4.2 x 108 ft3 (1.2 107 m3) and the mean specific capacity of the wells completed in aquifer is 5.0 gpm/ft (1.03 1/sec/m). The groundwater quality is suitable for drinking and agricultural use and contains mostly Ca++, Na+, K+ and HCO3~ ions. Groundwater pollution potential of the study area was evaluated using DRASTIC. Chippewa Creek watershed lies within the Glaciated Central Ground Water Region. Seven mappable units from DRASTIC were defined in the study area based on seven hydrogeologic settings. The units are: 1) 7Aa, glacial till over bedded sedimentary rocks (DRASTIC designation); 2) 7Ad, glacial till over sandstone; 3) 7Af, sand and gravel interbedded in glacial till; 4) 7Ba, outwash; 5) 7D, buried valley; 6) 7Eb, alluvium without overbank deposits; 7) 7Ec, alluvium over bedded sedimentary rocks. The outwash aquifer has a moderate to high pollution potential and the underlying sandstone and shale deposits show relatively low pollution potentials. The alluvium in valleys exhibits moderately high susceptibility to contamination.
Effects of Lead and Copper Exposure on Growth of an Invasive Weed, Lythrum Salicaria L. (Purple Loosestrife)
(2003-12) Nicholls, Ann M.; Mal, Tarun K.
The concentrations of heavy metals such as copper and lead in the environment are currently increasing, due mainly to human activities. Any of these metals, at sufficiently high concentrations, can cause severe damage to physiological and biochemical activities of plants. This damage to plants can be intensified when two or more metals present in the soil act synergistically. This study assessed the effects of two metals, copper and lead, on the growth of an invasive plant species, Lythrum salicaria. Treatments consisted of control; high and low concentrations of lead; high and low concentrations of copper; and high and low concentrations of both copper and lead. Although the treatment of plants with metals significantly reduced growth and survival of the plants, no synergistic relationship between the metals was found because of the extreme toxicity of the concentrations of metals used in this investigation.
Ineffectiveness of Sulfur-Based Odors as Nesting Deterrents Against European Starlings
(2003-12) White, Randolph J.; Blackwell, Bradley F.
Sulfurous volatiles have been shown to elicit avoidance behavior by snow geese (Chen caerulescens Linnaeus), possibly because of their association with potentially toxic levels of selenium in some plant species. We questioned whether an avoidance response to sulfur and sulfur-based products might be exhibited by other avian species, specifically European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.) and whether the behavior might extend beyond the feeding context (that is, negatively affecting nesting). The European starling is an omnivorous species with a well-developed olfactory capability and can distinguish between plant volatiles when selecting nest material and, therefore, could possibly detect the presence of sulfur. Our objectives were to evaluate Deer Away® Big Game Repellent (BGR, composed of decaying putrescent whole egg solids) and powdered sulfur (99.98% pure) as nesting deterrents against European starlings. We distributed 3 treatments (including control) in a randomized design among 100 nest boxes attached to utility poles in Northern Ohio. Starlings nested in 81% of the nest boxes and other species in 11%, while 8% of the boxes were not occupied. There was no difference among groups in the proportion of boxes occupied by starlings. However, we found an absolute difference in measures of nesting activity across treatments that favored controls. Particularly, the lag in the mean (SD not included because of non-normal data) Julian date for the appearance of the first egg (control: 134, BGR: 138, sulfur: 138) in treated boxes might reflect occupation by younger, less experienced starlings. We conclude, however, that BGR and sulfur are not effective nesting deterrents against starlings, although they might be useful in enhancing other deterrents.
A Comparison of Ordinary Least Squares and Logistic Regression
(2003-12) Pohlman, John T.; Leitner, Dennis W.
This paper compares ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression in terms of their underlying assumptions and results obtained on common data sets. Two data sets were analyzed with both methods. In the respective studies, the dependent variables were binary codes of 1) dropping out of school and 2) attending a private college. Results of both analyses were very similar. Significance tests (alpha = 0.05) produced identical decisions. OLS and logistic predicted values were highly correlated. Predicted classifications on the dependent variable were identical in study 1 and very similar in study 2. Logistic regression yielded more accurate predictions of dependent variable probabilities as measured by the average squared differences between the observed and predicted probabilities. It was concluded that both models can be used to test relationships with a binary criterion. However, logistic regression is superior to OLS at predicting the probability of an attribute, and should be the model of choice for that application.
Front Matter
(2003-12)

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