Empirical Musicology Review: Volume 6, Number 2 (2011)

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https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/81099

Empirical Musicology Review Vol. 6, No. 2, 2011

Issue DOI: https://doi.org/10.18061/1811/81099

Editor's Note
Keller, Peter E. p. 63
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Timbral Environments: An Ecological Approach to the Cognition of Timbre
Ferrer, Rafael pp. 64-74
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Inter-group entrainment in Afro-Brazilian Congado ritual
Lucas, Glaura; Clayton, Martin; Leante, Laura pp. 75-102
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Musicians' Attitudes to Musical Influence
Collins, Nick pp. 103-124
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Time-series analysis of Music: Perceptual and Information Dynamics
Pearce, Marcus T. pp. 125-130
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Modelling Perception of Structure and Affect in Music: Spectral Centroid and Wishart's Red Bird
Dean, Roger T.; Bailes, Freya pp. 131-137
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Siu-Lan Tan, Peter Pfordresher, & Rom Harré, Psychology of music: From sound to significance. Hove, UK: Psychology Press, 2010. ISBN: 978-1-84169-868-7 (hardcover)
Grahn, Jessica A. pp. 138-140
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Announcements
Keller, Peter E. pp. 141-145
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Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

Modelling Perception of Structure and Affect in Music: Spectral Centroid and Wishart's Red Bird
(Empirical Musicology Review, 2011-04) Dean, Roger T.; Bailes, Freya
Pearce (2011) provides a positive and interesting response to our article on time series analysis of the influences of acoustic properties on real-time perception of structure and affect in a section of Trevor Wishart’s Red Bird (Dean & Bailes, 2010). We address the following topics raised in the response and our paper. First, we analyse in depth the possible influence of spectral centroid, a timbral feature of the acoustic stream distinct from the high level general parameter we used initially, spectral flatness. We find that spectral centroid, like spectral flatness, is not a powerful predictor of real-time responses, though it does show some features that encourage its continued consideration. Second, we discuss further the issue of studying both individual responses, and as in our paper, group averaged responses. We show that a multivariate Vector Autoregression model handles the grand average series quite similarly to those of individual members of our participant groups, and we analyse this in greater detail with a wide range of approaches in work which is in press and continuing. Lastly, we discuss the nature and intent of computational modelling of cognition using acoustic and music- or information theoretic data streams as predictors, and how the music- or information theoretic approaches may be applied to electroacoustic music, which is ‘sound-based’ rather than note-centred like Western classical music.
Time-series analysis of Music: Perceptual and Information Dynamics
(Empirical Musicology Review, 2011-04) Pearce, Marcus T.
Dean and Bailes (2010) provide a tutorial on the use of time-series analysis in research on music perception and a study of the influence of acoustic factors on real-time perception of music. They illustrate their approach with a detailed case study of an electroacoustic composition by Trevor Wishart. In this commentary, I discuss four aspects of Dean and Bailes’ presentation: first, the importance of focusing on dynamic changes in musical structure; second, the benefits of computer-generated music for research on music perception; third, the need for caution in averaging responses from multiple listeners; and finally, the role of time-series analysis in understanding computational information-dynamic models of music cognition.
Timbral Environments: An Ecological Approach to the Cognition of Timbre
(Empirical Musicology Review, 2011-04) Ferrer, Rafael
This study formulates an ecological framework that links the environment and human systems, to support further arguments on the influence of timbre in the music appreciation schemata. At the core of the framework is the notion of timbral environments, which is introduced as an epistemological foundation to characterize perceptual cues of internalized representations of music, and to explore how these are expressed in the dynamics of diverse external environments. The proposed notion merges the concepts of macrotimbre (Sandell, 1998) and soundscape (Schafer, 1977) to distinguish between the formulated framework and traditional approaches to timbre, which are mainly concerned with short-term temporal auditory events. The notion of timbral environments enables the focus of timbre research to be shifted from isolated events to socially relevant sounding objects, hence facilitating the identification of connections between semantic descriptors and the physical properties of sounds.
Announcements
(Empirical Musicology Review, 2011-04) Keller, Peter E.
Siu-Lan Tan, Peter Pfordresher, & Rom Harré, Psychology of music: From sound to significance. Hove, UK: Psychology Press, 2010. ISBN: 978-1-84169-868-7 (hardcover)
(Empirical Musicology Review, 2011-04) Grahn, Jessica A.
Musicians' Attitudes to Musical Influence
(Empirical Musicology Review, 2011-04) Collins, Nick
This article discusses responses to an online survey on the topic of musical influence. 119 participants took part, answering both quantitative (five point Likert scale) and qualitative questions. A rich set of data was collected, which is summarized and analyzed in this paper. The primary research aim was to discover a good opinion base concerning issues of musical influence, to help illuminate some existing theories of influence, and in turn to inform further research directions. General trends observed included variation in attitudes to influences over time, the role of non- musical influences, and a usually positive attitude towards influences amongst participants.
Inter-group entrainment in Afro-Brazilian Congado ritual
(Empirical Musicology Review, 2011-04) Lucas, Glaura; Clayton, Martin; Leante, Laura
This paper investigates the phenomenon of entrainment between independent groups of musicians in the context of Afro-Brazilian Congado performance. Based on audiovisual recordings made during a festival in May 2006, we present analyses of four different occasions during which two different groups play different music in close proximity to each other. The results indicate the occurrence of (a) entrainment in phase, (b) entrainment out of phase, and (c) no entrainment. These results are discussed in the particular ethnographic context, as well as with reference to existing literature on entrainment and interpersonal coordination.
Editor's Note
(Empirical Musicology Review, 2011-04) Keller, Peter E.

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