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Influence of Calcium and Magnesium Supplementation on Foal Growth Parameters
(The Ohio State University, 2024-12) Ivey, Paisli; Cole, Kimberly
Adequate nutrition is vital in promoting foal growth and development. Essential minerals such as calcium and magnesium play an important role in this early stage of life. To evaluate the influence of calcium and magnesium supplementation on foal growth and development, eight Quarter Horse foals were blocked by gender (5 males, 3 females) and randomly assigned to a treatment (TRT) or control (CTL) group. Foals and their dams were kept in outdoor group housing at The Ohio State University Equine Facility and had access to shelter, forage, and water ad libitum. A commercial feed supplement was fed in a crossover design for 28d with a 14d washout period between diets. Body weight, body length, body condition score, topline score, wither height, hip height, girth circumference, upper leg length, lower leg length, cannon circumference, toe growth, and hoof width were assessed weekly. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED and PROC CORR in SAS v.9.4. There were no differences in any of the growth measurements due to supplementation (p > 0.05). However, there were several differences in growth measurements due to foal gender. Colts were heavier compared to fillies (458.72 ± 5.56lb vs 409.96 ± 7.18lb, p < 0.0001). Colts were taller at the withers compared to fillies(119.96 ± 0.58cm vs. 115.49 ± 0.75cm, p < 0.0001) but not different in hip height. As expected,
there were several positive correlations among growth measurements. Additional studies with increased periods of supplementation are needed to further evaluate differences in foal growth.
Are Risk and Time Preferences Related to Cognitive Preferences?
(The Ohio State University, 2024-12) Xu, Deason; Healy, Paul
This paper investigates the relationship between an individual’s risk and time preference and their cognitive style, aiming to explore further the differences in risk and time preferences from the lens of cognitive preferences. While previous research has studied the effect of cognitive ability on time and risk preference, studies on the role of cognitive style, rather than strictly ability, have been largely neglected. 466 participants in the study took the questionnaire titled Cognitive Style Index (CSI), which categorizes participants into either the “intuition” or “analysis” cognitive style. A series of tasks evaluating the participant’s risk aversion and the discount value followed. I hypothesize a significant relationship between an individual’s cognitive style and risk and time preference, namely, individuals with the analysis cognitive style exhibit more risk-averse and patient behavior and vice versa. Evidence from the data aligns with the hypothesis but ultimately fails to provide statistically significant support. Nonetheless, the result will expand our current understanding of the underlying causes of risk and time preference, and contribute to the growing research on behavior economics.
Perceptions of Trade Unionism Among Unionized School Teachers and Staff: Charter and Public Districts
(The Ohio State University, 2024-12) Cochran, Noah; Lopez, Steven
The charter school movement historically received support from some Black communities frustrated with segregation and poor educational quality in public schools, as well as conservative groups concerned that public schools were failing due to the Reagan administration’s report “A Nation at Risk” (Goodridge 2019). These concerns prompted calls for a school system that received public funding but operated independently of public school systems. It is clear that charter schools have not addressed segregation in schools, as they are now more segregated than public schools are (Frankenberg et al. 2012). Thus, charter schools have not achieved what their Black supporters had hoped they would. Concern has also been raised about a lack of academic accountability and of stability among charter schools due to their high rate of closure (Network for Public Education 2024).
Charter schools are generally not unionized since they are not bound by the regulations that require union representation for staff in public school districts (Barrett et al. 2022). However, in recent years staff from more charter districts have unionized (American Federation of Teachers Massachusetts 2024; Fink 2024; McGowan 2024; Walters 2024). As suggested by the current study, similar research has found that staff desire for a greater amount of voice appears to be a major cause of this trend (Jochim and Lavery 2019). This raises the question of whether unionizing in charter schools can address the school type’s shortcomings as described by its critics.
The goal of the current study is to learn about what motivated staff at a charter district to unionize, their experiences with unionization, and how the issues that led to the formation of the union are addressed in a public school district. The results suggest that unionization can address the lack of voice that charter district staff feel to an extent, but not completely. In addition, other issues may be more difficult to address, such as distrust between staff and administrators. Further, the present study’s sample size is small, and thus results are not generalizable and may be skewed.
A Radiographic Evaluation of Lower Limb Angles of Shod and Unshod Horses
(The Ohio State University, 2024-12) Duesing, Carlie; Cole, Kimberly
A horse’s lower legs and hooves are vital in providing support and shock absorption when standing or moving. The angles of a horse’s leg joints directly influence how a horse moves, distributes weight, absorbs shock, and ultimately impacts its performance and soundness. Horseshoes are often used to provide protection and support for the hoof and lower leg; however, there is little evidence of the influence of wearing horseshoes on joint angles. The aim of this study was to compare lower limb angles of shod and unshod horses using Metron Imaging Software. Lateral radiographs were taken of each horse’s (n = 38) front left and right lower limbs at a horse show in central Ohio. Horse breed, age, hoof status (shod/unshod), lameness history, and hoof care information were collected via owner surveys. Metron Imaging Software was utilized to measure and record pastern-joint angle, coffin-joint angle, hoof angle, and palmar angle for each limb. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED and PROC CORR in SAS v 9.4. Results indicated a significantly greater coffin-joint angle in shod horses compared to unshod horses (p = 0.03). However, no differences were noted between shod and unshod horses for hoof angle, palmar angle, and pastern-joint angle. As the coffin joint acts as a primary shock absorbing mechanism in the horse’s foot, changes in the angle may result in uneven weight distribution, increased pressure, and uneven hoof growth. More research is needed to further assess the effects of horseshoes on internal lower limb angles and performance.
The Moritz Briefing (October/November 2024)
(Ohio State University. Moritz College of Law, 2024-11) Simmons, Ric